Hilton Hotels uses the multidivisional approach to organization design. Although each unit operates with
relative autonomy, all units function in the same general market. This design resulted from a strategy of
related diversification. Other firms that use M-form designs include PepsiCo and the Walt Disney Company.
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group composed of representatives or workers from the functional departments.
Note from the figure that a matrix reflects a multiple-command structure—any given
individual reports to both a functional superior and one or more project managers.
The project groups, or teams, are assigned to designated projects or programs. For
example, the company might be developing a new product. Representatives are chosen
from each functional area to work as a team on the new product. They also retain
membership in the original functional group. At any given time, a person may be a
member of several teams as well as a member of a functional group. Ford used this
approach in creating its popular Focus automobile. It formed a group called Team
Focus made up of designers, engineers, production specialists, marketing specialists, and
other experts from different areas of the company. This group facilitated getting a very
successful product to the market at least a year earlier than would have been possible
using Ford’s previous approaches.
Martha Stewart also uses a matrix organization for her lifestyle business. The com-
pany was first organized broadly into media and merchandising groups, each of which
has specific products and product groups. Layered on top of this structure are teams of
lifestyle experts organized into groups such as cooking, crafts, and weddings. Each of
these groups is targeted toward specific customer needs, but they work as necessary
Employees
CEO
Project
manager B
Project
manager C
Vice president,
engineering
Vice president,
production
Vice president,
finance
Vice president,
marketing
Project
manager A
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