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As a device for coordination, a manager in a liaison role coordinates interdependent
units by acting as a common point of contact. This individual may not have any formal
authority over the groups but instead simply facilitates the flow of information between
units. Two engineering groups working on component systems for a large project might
interact through a liaison. The liaison maintains familiarity with each group as well as
with the overall project. She can answer questions and otherwise serve to integrate the
activities of all the groups.
A task force may be created when the need for coordination is acute. When interde-
pendence is complex and several units are involved, a single liaison person may not be
sufficient. Instead, a task force might be assembled by drawing one representative from
each group. The coordination function is thus spread across several individuals, each of
whom has special information about one of the groups involved. When the project is
completed, task force members return to their original positions. For example, a college
overhauling its degree requirements might establish a task force made up of representa-
tives from each department affected by the change. Each person not only retains his or
her regular departmental affiliation and duties but also serves on the special task force.
After the new requirements are agreed on, the task force is dissolved.
Integrating departments are occasionally used for coordination. These are somewhat
similar to task forces but are more permanent. An integrating department generally has
some permanent members as well as members who are assigned temporarily from units
that are particularly in need of coordination. One study found that successful firms in
the plastics industry, which is characterized by complex and dynamic environments,
used integrating departments to maintain internal integration and coordination.
26
An
integrating department usually has more authority than a task force and may even be
given some budgetary control by the organization.
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