Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
inaccurate information may be quite dramatic. If sales projections are inflated, a manager
might cut advertising (thinking it is no longer needed) or increase advertising (to further
build momentum). Similarly, a production manager unaware of hidden costs may quote a
sales price much lower than desirable. Or a human resources manager may speak out pub-
licly on the effectiveness of the company’s minority recruiting, only to find out later that
these prospects have been overestimated. In each case, the result of inaccurate information
is inappropriate managerial action.
Timeliness
Timeliness does not necessarily mean quickness. Rather, it describes a
control system that provides information as often as is necessary. Because Champion
has a wealth of historical data on its sparkplug sales, it does not need information on
sparkplugs as frequently as it needs sales feedback for its newer products. Retail organi-
zations usually need sales results daily so that they can manage cash flow and adjust
advertising and promotion. In contrast, they may require information about physical
inventory only quarterly or annually. In general, the more uncertain and unstable the
circumstances, the more frequently measurement is needed.
Objectivity
The control system should provide information that is as objective as
possible. To appreciate this, imagine the task of a manager responsible for control of
his organization’s human resources. He asks two plant managers to submit reports.
One manager notes that morale at his plant is “OK,” that grievances are “about where
they should be,” and that turnover is “under control.” The other reports that absenteeism
at her plant is running at 4 percent, that 16 grievances have been filed this year (com-
pared with 24 last year), and that turnover is 12 percent. The second report will almost
always be more useful than the first. Of course, managers also need to look beyond the
numbers when assessing performance. For example, a plant manager may be boosting
productivity and profit margins by putting too much pressure on workers and using
poor-quality materials. As a result, impressive short-run gains may be overshadowed by
longer-run increases in employee turnover and customer complaints.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: