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2. State budget policy and its analysis
Fiscal policy is the "core" of economic policy and clearly reflects the financial relations between public institutions and the population. Budget policy, it can be said, is a key factor in macroeconomic stability. The state budget should serve as a reliable financial support for a strong democratic state.
It has two pillars in conducting state budget policy. These are the costs of the state's narrow fortune payments. These can be called direct and indirect methods.
Indirect methods of fiscal policy include measures such as influencing the economy through taxes and non-tax payments. Indirect methods, such as changes in tax rates , the creation or abolition of tax benefits, the introduction of various payments, can affect the socio-economic situation in the country, while the material interests of tax payments and the budget. plays a crucial role in politics.
Direct methods of budget policy include influencing the socio-economic situation through the expenditure side of the budget. To change the amount of financing of the sector, the allocation of subsidies to insolvent enterprises, the provision of subsidies, the allocation of budget loans, the introduction of benefits for them, to attract foreign investment
Measures such as guarantees are direct methods of budget policy.
Budget policy includes measures such as the adoption of laws, other legal acts, the definition of revenues and expenditures, control over them, ensuring budget execution, control over the execution of the budget, analysis . is carried out by applying .
The main directions of tax and budgetary policy for 2015 are formed on the basis of priorities, goals and objectives set by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and include the following :
further reduction of the tax burden, stimulation of sustainable economic growth, ensuring the balance of budgets of the budget system of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
increase the efficiency of budget allocations by expanding the use of government programs in the budget planning process ;
Continue the policy of further development of the social sphere, increasing the income, savings and purchasing power of the population, while taking measures to increase the targeting of social support for families in need ;
coordination of sectors and staff of budget organizations, taking into account the introduction of information and communication technologies and the improvement of the mechanism of normative cost planning ;
cancellation of unreasonable and outdated privileges and preferences ;
improving inter-budgetary relations, increasing the revenue base of the regions and reducing their dependence on subsidies .
Expenditures of the State Budget for 2015 amounted to 37967.7 billion soums. UZS, which will be used to finance the following priorities:
In 2015, in the structure of budget expenditures, the priority of the social sphere and social support was maintained, and much attention was paid to improving the welfare of the population .
This year as well, the salaries of employees of budget organizations and their equivalent payments, pensions and benefits will be increased at a rate higher than inflation, and to achieve these goals, an additional 1.3 trillion soums will be allocated from the State Budget and Pension Funds. UZS were disbursed.
In turn, it is planned to direct 59.2% of the total budget or 21485.2 billion soums to social spending .
In 2015, special attention was paid from the state budget to finance the education system, for which 12776.2 billion soums or 33.7% of the total budget expenditures were allocated .
At the same time, this year to strengthen the material and technical base of kindergartens is 2 times more than last year or 167 billion. In return, more than 270 kindergartens will be completely renovated and equipped.
Improving the health of the population, especially the protection of maternal and child health, improving the provision of medical institutions with modern diagnostic and treatment equipment, modern food, medicines and disposable items These issues are also reflected in the parameters of the 2015 State Budget.
In particular, in 2015, the state budget expenditures on health care amounted to 5372.5 billion soums or 14.2% of total budget expenditures.
In turn, in 2015, the cost of science development increased 1.3 times compared to 2014 and amounted to 245.3 billion. soums.
Expenditures in the field of culture and sports also increased by 24% compared to 2014 and amounted to 388.3 billion soums. soums.
A total of 4,119.7 billion soums or 2.3% of GDP was allocated for the financial support of priority sectors of the economy over 20-15 years.
At the same time, 1.9 trillion soums will be allocated for the provision of sufficient and reliable water supply to agriculture, especially irrigated agriculture . It is planned to direct more than UZS to the current expenditures of water management.
In addition, 10 billion soums will be allocated for the formation of civil society and state support of non-governmental non-profit organizations . soums were allocated.
The parameters of the State Budget for 2015 include full funding for external debt payments and financing of measures related to national security, border security and defense of the state, which are reflected in the budget parameters.
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