Farmasevtika instituti farmakologiya va klinik farmatsiya kafedrasi

Physiological Functions of Growth Hormone 
All the major anterior pituitary hormones, except for growth hormone, exert their principal effects 
by stimulating target glands, including thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testicles, and mammary 
glands. The functions ofeach of these pituitary hormones are so intimately concerned with the 
functions of the respective target glands that, except for growth hormone, their functions arediscussed 
in subsequent chapters along with the target glands. Growth hormone, in contrast to other hormones, 
does not function through a target gland but exerts itseffects directly on all or almost all tissues of the 
body. 
Growth Hormone Promotes Growthof Many 
Hormone Structure Primary Action on Anterior Pituitary 
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Peptide of 3 amino acids Stimulates secretion of 
TSH by thyrotropes 
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Single chain of 10 amino acids Stimulates 
secretion of FSH and LH by 
Gonadotropes Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Single chain of 41 amino acids 
Stimulates secretion of ACTH by 
Corticotropes Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Single chain of 44 amino 
acids Stimulates secretion of growth hormone by Somatotropes Growth hormone inhibitory 
hormone (somatostatin) Single chain of 14 amino acids Inhibits secretion of growth hormone 
by somatotropes Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) Dopamine (a catecholamine) Inhibits 
synthesis and secretion of prolactin by lactotropes
Table 75-2 
Hypothalamic Releasing and 
Inhibitory Hormones That Control Secretion of the Anterior Pituitary Gland 
ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; 
Growth Hormone Has Several Metabolic Effects 
Aside from its general effect in causing growth, growth hormone has multiple specific metabolic 
effects, including (1) increased rate of protein synthesis in most cells of the body; (2) increased 
mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue, increased free fatty acids in the blood, andincreased 
use of fatty acids for energy; and (3) decreased rate of glucose utilization throughout the body