Fariza pardayeva theme: the nature of uzbekistan

SAMARKAND STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF PHYSICS GROUP 206 STUDENT
FARIZA PARDAYEVA
THEME:
THE NATURE OF UZBEKISTAN
Uzbekistan has no access to the sea and makes up for this with a huge number of the world’s most beautiful lakes, natural and artificial reservoirs and large rivers that cover the entire Central Asia. 
Most of the territory of Uzbekistan is occupied by plains. One of the largest is the Turan plain. The two major deserts of Kyzylkum and Karakum stretch for several hundred kilometers across the country up to the foot of the Tien Shan. The desert is especially beautiful in spring. Strong winds drive sand-dunes, whirling saxaul sprouts, and plunges the desert into a real extravaganza of colors in the spring.
The majestic mountains of Uzbekistan store a lot of treasures, attracting hundreds of tourists and extreme athletes who annually conquer the high-altitude peaks. Beautiful waterfalls, thousands of peaks, skiing trails, alpine meadows, nature reserves and forest areas, canyons and mountain lakes, caves and parking lots of ancient civilizations – this is not a complete list of what the picturesque mountain areas of our country can boast of.
Thanks to the continental climate, everything here is in tune with nature. In Uzbekistan, winter is mild, spring is sunny and rainy, summer is hot and dry, and autumn is fantastically beautiful. This is the most fertile season. In the autumn, nature gives all its gifts to restart for the winter season and wake up in the spring.
UZBEKISTAN
Forest Ecosystems. Uzbekistan is a country with the low forest cover (about 7% of country’s land is covered with forests). However, forests play a significant role both for the economy
Uzbekistan has rich diversity of flora with a large number of endemic, endangered and globally important species. The diversity of species composition is predetermined by many factors: a significant spread of the territory in latitudinal direction and diversity of physiographic conditions connected with this spread, a complex geological history, the effect of different biogeographic zones, etc. The most completed description of the flora in Uzbekistan was made and published in 1960s in the reference guide “The Flora of Uzbekistan” (1941-1962).
According to this publication, the flora of embryophytes comprised 3663 species (3824 species incl. introduced species). Currently, according to experts, this group of plants in Uzbekistan consists of about 4300 species.
Uzbekistan has a total area of 447,400 square kilometers ranging from the Hazrati Sulton Peak at 15,233 feet (4,643m) above sea level to the depths of Sariqamish lake at 39 feet (12m) below sea level. It is about the size of Sweden and its territory is larger than the State of California. It is home to over 33 million people today.
Uzbekistan has twelve different provinces: Andijon, Bukhoro, Farghona, Jizzakh, Khorazm, Namangan, Navoiy, Qashqadaryo, Samarqand, Sirdaryo, Sukhondaryo, and Tashkent. Each one has its own unique culture and geography.
Chimgan mountains outside of Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s capital city.
Climate Change and Global Warming in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan’s climate is continental. This means that it is affected by circulation patterns that originate in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and then flow across the Eurasian continent. The majority of the country’s water comes from rain and snow falling in the mountains during the winter and spring.
Uzbekistan, and Central Asia more broadly, have interacted with natural climate change events throughout earth’s history. A stalagmite record from the Ton cave, in the Surkhondaryo province, provides a record of the natural fluctuations in climate over glacial time scales (tens to hundreds of thousand of years). Since the end of the last Ice Age, around eleven thousand years ago, Central Asia’s climate has fluctuated between periods of warm and dry conditions and periods of cold and wet conditions.
In the Mirankul Mountains, forty kilometres from Samarkand, there is a legendary cave revered by members of different religious faiths. The cave is actually a narrow, 30-metre corridor. The flow of pilgrims, striving to touch the handprints left by Hazrat Daud (David) on the walls of the cave, never dries up.
Uzbekistan has always been a centre of spirituality. Real, historical personalities as well as heroes of sacred writings, legends and myths marched through its territory leaving their traces. Uzbekistan was a meeting point of many religions: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.
There are several legends of Saint Daud's cave. One of the histories of Hazrat Daud Cave tells that prophet Hazrat Daud was sent to these places to propagate Islam. The people confessing Zoroastrizm were angry with the prophet. Hazrat Daud was a fair man and Allah gifted him a possibility to fuse metal in his hands. The Samarkand sovereign decided to make Daud work for him – to forge swords and spears. The prophet knew about this and ran to these places. Allah made the mountain clay, let Daud in the mountain and closed the entrance.
There is another version of how the cave of Hazrat Daud appeared. Daud was looking for a place in order to rest before the battle with Goliath (fighting man of unbeliever’s army). Jinns (in Islam kind and evil ghosts) transferred Daud to the mountains not far from Samarkand. But ifrits (demons) found out Daud and brought Goliath to the mountains to Daud for fighting