Fakültə: Energetika, elektrotexnika və avtomatika İxtisas: Energetika mühəndisiliyi Qrup: 232a2 Fənn: Xarici dildə işgüzar və akademik kommunikasiya Müəllim: Sürəyya Quluyeva Ad: Mövlud Soyad: Eyvazov Sərbəst işin adı: Feast of Ramadan

Fakültə: Energetika, elektrotexnika və avtomatika İxtisas: Energetika mühəndisiliyi
Qrup: 232a2
Fənn: Xarici dildə işgüzar və akademik kommunikasiya
Müəllim: Sürəyya Quluyeva Ad: Mövlud Soyad: Eyvazov Sərbəst işin adı: Feast of Ramadan
Among the holy holidays of Islam , the fasting holiday has an important place. The history of this holiday starts from the 2nd year of Hijri (623 AD) according to the Muslim calendar. Since fasting is observed in the month of Ramadan, it is also called "Ramadan fasting".
in Islam Among the months of the year, the month of Ramadan is considered the most compassionate and holy month. He is figuratively called the "sultan of the eleventh month", because our holy book, the Holy Quran, was revealed on one of the nights of this month. That night is called "qadir" or "revival" night. It is not known what day the night of Qadir falls on. There are different narrations about it.
But the general opinion is that the night of power is one of the last ten nights of Ramadan, and it is also the night of the single day. According to Islamic scholars, this night falls on the 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th of Ramadan. In Surah Qadir of the Holy Qur'an, it is written about the Night of Power: "We have truly gifted this night with power and majesty, this night is more powerful than a thousand months, the angels descend and wait for God's command,
Fasting begins at the new moon in Ramadan and lasts 29-30 days. It is written in the Holy Quran: "When dawn breaks, eat and drink until the white thread is indistinguishable from the black thread, then complete your fast until night."layın
It should be noted that Muslims perform their most important acts of worship, including fasting and Hajj, Fitr and Qurban holidays, according to the Hijri-Lunar calendar. The moon has different sides (each of the visible outer sides of the moon) depending on its position relative to the Sun and the Earth. One of these pages is the crescent moon, which means the new moon. It is said in the Holy Quran that "(O Muhammad!) They ask you about the crescents. Say: These are the measures of time for people and Hajj.
People performed their obligatory prayers according to the crescent of the moon: when they saw the crescent, they finished their fast. The period between two new moons is equal to 29.5 mean solar days, which makes one month. The ancient Arabs took this as a unit of time and accepted some months as 29 days and some as 30 days. A lunar year consists of 12 months, one lasting 29 days and the other 30 days. The lunar (lunar) calendar also originated from here. According to this calendar, the length of the year is 354 days. During the reign of the second caliph Omar, it was decided that the dates should be calculated from the year of the migration of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Mecca to Medina. Thus, the Hijri-lunar calendar, which began with the month of Muharram, was born.
The time of all Muslim prayers, holidays and ceremonies is determined according to this calendar. Since the lunar calendar is 10-11 days shorter than the solar calendar, the date of each Muslim worship is 10-11 days earlier than the solar calendar we use.
The dates in the lunar calendar are also fixed, these dates change only relative to the solar calendar. Our consciousness, accustomed to the solar calendar, sees uncertainty somewhere. There is a divine wisdom in the coincidence of Islamic holidays and rituals with different seasons.
The month of Ramadan is a period of fasting, purification of the human soul, correction of faults and defects, purification of mind, faith and will. With the prayers and prayers of this month, a person goes from defects to purity, from purity to perfection. This month is the progress of the soul, its flight towards God.
In the month of Ramadan, mortal beings are transformed into a battlefield. Faith and soul collide in this arena. The soul wants to swallow every believer's work, eat and drink, and wishes for the continuation of bad habits. Beliefs strongly oppose it, the tongue turns away from falsehood, and the eye and heart turn away from what is forbidden. Do not eat, drink or smoke during the day of fasting. Only children, sick people, pregnant women, fighters, captives and travelers are exempted. A fasting person should not smoke antimony, perfume, smell tobacco, flowers and refrain from other actions that break the fast. During fasting, a person refrains from worldly pleasures, although he continues his daily activities, he devotes himself to the worship of God, keeps his soul clean, and at this time, the devil cannot find a way into his heart. Our Prophet (PBUH) says that when the month of Ramadan comes, the gates of heaven are opened, the gates of hell are closed, and the devils are in chains. Those who do not fast due to being in battle or captivity must make up for it at an appropriate time or give fidya. Those who intentionally break the fast must repent and pay expiation. Atonement is fasting for 60 days or feeding 60 poor people. A one-day emergency fast is added to the 60-day expiation fast.
called Eid al-Fitr. On that day, all Muslims congratulate each other, visit the graves of the deceased, and pray for their souls. On the day of Eid, everyone should give Zakat al-Fitr for the poor in the amount of approximately 3 kg of wheat or dates or raisins for their dependents. Fasting gives people an opportunity to test their will and endurance, invites them to purity and kindness. The author of "Qabusnama" Keikavus ibn Iskander wrote admonishing his son: "O son!... know and be aware that God Almighty does not need you to be hungry or full." Fasting is a seal placed by God on your wealth and yourself. This seal is applied not only to one part of the goods and the body, but perhaps to all its parts: hands, feet, eyes, tongue, ears, stomach. O son, know and be aware: the greatest purpose of fasting is that you give what you did not eat during the day to those in need, so that you have seen the benefit of your labor, and this labor is necessary so that its benefit reaches the needy." Religious rites related to fasting also existed in previous heavenly religions (Judaism, Christianity). But unlike other religions, fasting in Islam is of special importance. According to the rules of Islam, fasting is mandatory for every Muslim who has reached the age of majority. There are many hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) about this ritual of worship.
In one of those hadiths, it is said that every action of the son of Adam is for himself. Except for fasting - it is for God, and God gives the reward. During the Soviet rule, fasting, like other rituals and worships of Islam, was forbidden. But the faithful fulfilled their duties, albeit secretly. Many were forced to give up fasting in order to avoid persecution and losing their positions and jobs. After Azerbaijan regained its state independence, people's freedom of conscience was restored, and the attitude towards Islam, its worship and rites also changed. Fasting holiday began to be celebrated at the state level in accordance with the Law "On Holidays of the Republic of Azerbaijan" dated October 27, 1992, adopted by the Milli Majlis.