Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

24.3. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian

1. In the early days of the oil industry, separators were not used.

2. The separators were developed to reduce such waste and danger of fire and explosion.
3. Petroleum mixtures are often complex and difficult to separate efficiently.
4. Gas rises to the top of the tank and goes from there into a gas-gathering system.
5. Modern separators use force of gravity to get the best possible separation of oil and gas.
6. There are several types of separators: vertical, horizontal, stage and low-temperature separators.


24.4. Tasks to students self directed studies: Retell the text in English


24.5. Control questions

1. What is the separator?

2. What is the operating principle of vertical-type separator?
3. Why is it necessary to use separators?
4. What is the difference between single-tube and double-tube separator?
5. What is the simplest form of separator?
6. How operates three-stage separation system?


24.6. Themes of SIW

1. Separation of oil and gas

2. Types of separators
3. The difference between single-tube and double-tube separator
4. Operates of three-stage separation system
Practical class № 25 Storage system
Aims of practical lesson is introduction with storage system
25.1. Reading Passage
After gas has been separated from the oil and the oil has been treated to remove water and sediment (if present), the oil goes to stock tanks which a re commonly referred to as the tank battery. The tanks in a tank farm will vary in number and size, depending upon the daily production of the lease and the frequency of pipeline runs. The introduction of automatic custody transfer units and their acceptance by pipelines and producers has reduced storage requirements.
The total storage capacity of a tank farm is usually 3 to 7 days’ production; that is, 3 to 7 times the maximum daily production or allowable of the wells connected to the tank farm. There are usually two or more tanks in a battery, so that while oil is being shipped from one tank the other tank can be filling.
Most tanks are made of either bolted steel or welded steel. Stock tanks usually have a bottom drain outlet for draining off basic sediments and water. In some areas tanks must be cleaned frequently due to collection of paraffin and basic sediments, which can be removed through the drain outlet. Therefore tanks are equipped with cleanout plates. Cleanout plates can be removed so that a workman can enter the tank. The point where the pipeline company connects to lease stock tanks is usually one half meter above the bottom of the tank. The space below the pipeline outlets provides room for the collection of basic sediments and water. The pipeline outlet valve is sealed and closed with a metal seal when the tank is being filled and similarly locked in the open position when the tank is being emptied. Oil enters the tank at the top at the inlet opening. Usually a valve is on the inlet line so that it may be closed to prevent oil from entering the tank after the tank is full and ready for delivery. Where oil storage is controlled manually the tank is fitted with a thief or gage hatch in the tank roof so the amount of oil in the tank can be determined with a steel measuring line. The thief hatch is large enough so that a device which is called a “thief” can be lowered into the tank and samples of oil obtained to determine the basic sediments and water content in the oil and its API gravity. This operation is called “thiefing” a tank. 
The temperature of the oil in the tank is determined while thiefing the tank.
When storage is done automatically, devices called liquid level controllers signal when tanks are filled and valves open and close according to a prearranged schedule.