Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

20.3. Find Russian equivalents to the following phrases:

1. system of drilling 1. oчищать

2. to keep clean 2. использоваться
3. rotation of the drill string 3. вращение колонны бурильных труб
4. to drill with a bit 4. бурить эффективно
5. to drill effectively 5. различные типы долот
6. to penetrate easily 6. система бурения
7. different types of bits 7. бурить долотом
8. to be in use 8. легко проходить (при бурении)
20.4. Control questions

1. By means of what is the rotation of the drill string established?

2. What is the bit attached to?
3. What formations are more easily penetrated?
4. By what. is the choice of the bit governed.?
5. What is the drilling fluid discharged through?
6. What does the total cost of drilling depend on?
7. Why are the bits to be replaced?
8. How often should the bits be replaced?
9. What is the round-trip operation?
10. What types of bits do you know?
11. What bits have no moving parts?
12. What formations are drilled with rolling cutter bits?


20.5. Themes of SIW

1. The rotation of the drill string

2. Choice of the bit
3. Types of bits

Practical class №21. Development of oil and gas fields

Aims of practical lesson is introduction with oil and gas field development
21.1. Lexical terms and word combinations

lifting of oil and gas – подъем нефти и газа

accordance – соответствие
data – данные
obtained – полученные
optimal spacing – оптимальный интервал
stratum – слой
various - различный
directly – непосредственно
Injection - нагнетание
Artificial maintenance – искусственное поддержание
cut in – разрезать
expenditure – расход
21.2. Reading Passage
Oil and gas field development is a complex work consisting in drilling of the oil field and lifting of oil and gas to the surface.
Oil fields are developing in accordance with special development projects based on the natural conditions of the well and on the data obtained during exploratory drilling and exploitation of the first well. One of the most important problems in the development projects consists in the optimal spacing of the production wells which is dictated by the geological conditions of the field and is based on hydrodynamic and economical calculations. When developing an oil field two interrelated processes occur – flow of oil and gas through porous rock of the stratum and lifting of the oil and gas to the surface. The methods of lifting the oil to the surface are called the methods of well exploitation. All known methods of oil well exploitation can be classified into two basic groups: exploitation of a flowing well and mechanical exploitation.
In flowing wells the fluid (oil and gas) is lifted to the surface by the natural formational pressure. In mechanical oil wells the fluid is lifted by various engineering equipment located directly in the well, for example, by means of air-gas lifts and subsurface pumps. In air-gas lift wells the oil is lifted by injecting a compressed gas or air into the well. Injection of gas and water into the well is the best method of oil production. In the Soviet Union more than 70 per cent of oil is produced using this method.
Water is pumped into special injection wells which are drilled in accordance with the given system of oil field development. Injection of water into the wells is called also water flooding. In the Soviet Union edge water flooding was first used on a large scale in developing the Tuymazyn oil field.
Artificial maintenance of the formational pressure made it possible to increase the distance between production wells, the result of which is a smaller number of wells and a cut in oil field expenditure.