Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

14.3. Match the words in A with the words in B to make collocations.
1. reflection A. surveying
2. geothermal B. method
3. groundwater C. wave
4. ground-penetrating D. energy
5. accurate E. operation
6. solve F. radar
7. reduce G. acquisition
8. exploration H. seismology
9. shear I. problem
10. data J. uncertainties
14.4. Fill in the gaps with correct prepositions.
1. Reflection seismology is used ____ basic research into the nature and origin ____ the rocks.
2. GPR is widely used ____ mapping shallow subsurface ____ ___ a few meters deep.
3. 3D-seismic technology is applied to reduce uncertainties _____ the entire range ____ exploration, development and production operations.
4. These chimneys are caused ____free gas ___ the sediments.
5. Combining P- and S-waves discriminate _____ sands and shales and is valuable ___ helping to detect fractures.
14.5. Control questions.
1. What are the three main applications of reflection seismology?
2. Which method is similar to reflection seismology?
3. When is the GPR method applied?
4. Which method is applied to determine the depths of formations in exploration of petroleum?
5. What are three operations when 3D-seismic technology is applied?
6. What are the capabilities of 3D-seismic technology?
7. What is S-wave?
8. What is P-wave?
9. What does full-vector wave-field imaging help to «see» through gas chimney?
10. When is the combination of P- and S-waves applied?


14.6. Themes of SIW

1. Main applications of reflection seismology

2. Capabilities of 3D-seismic technology


Practical class №15. Drilling of oil and gas wells
Aims of practical lesson is studying drilling of oil and gas wells and the classification of drill holes
15.1. Lexical terms and word combinations

crust - земная кора

a rig - буровая установка
means - средство, средства
water bodies - водоём
exploratory hole (well) - развэдочно-эксплуатационная
producing (development) well - продуктивная скважина
technical hole - промышленная скважина
exploitation - эксплуатация, разработка
to introduce - вводить, внедрять
breakdown - авария, поломка
slurry - жидкий шлам
stem kelly – штанга, квадрат