Exploring creativity management of design for additive manufacturing

Figure 2. 
Interview guide during interviews.
Figure 3. 
Illustration of the analysis model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DESIGN CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
223

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To put a layer of creativity upon the empirical data of AM in design, the established model with 
three characteristics of creativity (expertise, creative thinking skills and motivation) developed by 
Amabile (
1998
) was used to display data in relation to the six pre-defined categories of AM in 
design. A data display table was produced in two steps. Firstly, the extracted quotes were distributed 
into the table. To further provide with an overview of discussions, the second step clustered the 
quotes into collected descriptions of discussion areas that respondents highlighted throughout the 
interviews. 
Table 3 
presents the final data display table that was used for the final step of conclusion 
drawing. Conclusions were drawn from the displayed data in relation to the three components of 
creativity. These components have been used to visualize findings, discussion and conclusions of 
this paper.
4. Literature review of creativity in design for additive manufacturing
This section presents a summary of the findings from the literature review in relation to Amabile’s 
(
1998
) three characteristics of creativity. The literature mainly discussed DfAM methods in relation 
to the possible solution space, support tools and limitations for designers. It should be noted that 
even though AM is often considered to have revolutionized the way products are designed and 
manufactured, it is also argued that manufacturing methods are still in their infancy (Bermano 
et al., 
2017
). Therefore, there seem to be some persistent uncertainties regarding how to adopt and 
fully utilize the ‘new’ manufacturing techniques both creatively and efficiently.