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Figure 3c. PISA 2015 Scientific Competencies



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Figure 3c. PISA 2015 Scientific Competencies 
Interpret data and evidence scientifically  
Analyse and evaluate scientific data, claims and arguments in a variety of 
representations and draw appropriate conclusions demonstrating the ability to:

Transform data from one representation to another;

Analyse and interpret data and draw appropriate conclusions;

Identify the assumptions, evidence and reasoning in science-related 
texts;

Distinguish between arguments which are based on scientific evidence 
and theory and those based on other considerations;

Evaluate scientific arguments and evidence from different sources (e.g. 
newspaper, internet, journals).
41. A scientifically literate person should be able to interpret and make sense of basic forms of 
scientific data and evidence that are used to make claims and draw conclusions. The display of 
such competency can require all three forms of knowledge of science. 
42. Those who possess this competency should be able to interpret the meaning of scientific 
evidence and its implications to a specified audience in their own words, using diagrams or other 
representations as appropriate. This competency requires the use of mathematical tools to analyse 
or summarise data, and the ability to use standard methods to transform data to different 
representations. 
43. This competency also includes accessing scientific information and producing and evaluating 
arguments and conclusions based on scientific evidence (Kuhn, 2010; Osborne, 2010). It may also 
involve evaluating alternative conclusions using evidence; giving reasons for or against a given 
conclusion using procedural or epistemic knowledge; and identifying the assumptions made in 
reaching a conclusion. In short, the scientifically literate individual should be able to identify logical 
or flawed connections between evidence and conclusions. 

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