133
Epistemic Knowledge
49. Epistemic knowledge is a knowledge of the constructs and defining features essential to the
process of knowledge building in science and their role in justifying the knowledge produced by
science e.g., a hypothesis, a theory or an observation and its role in contributing to how we know
what we know (Duschl, 2007). Those who have such knowledge can explain, with examples, the
distinction between a scientific theory and a hypothesis or a scientific fact and an observation.
They would know that the construction of models, be they directly representational, abstract or
mathematical, is a key feature of science and that such models are akin to maps rather than
accurate pictures of the material world. They would, for instance, recognise that any particle model
of matter is an idealised representation of matter and be able to explain how the Bohr model is a
limited model of what we know about the atom and its constituent parts. They will recognise that
the conception of a ‘theory’ as used in science is not the same as the notion of a ‘theory’ in
eve
ryday language where it is used as a synonym for a ‘guess’ or a ‘hunch’. Whereas procedural
knowledge is required to explain what is meant by the control of variables strategy, being able to
explain why the use of the control of variables strategy or replication of measurements is central to
establishing knowledge in science is epistemic knowledge.
50. Scientifically literate individuals will also understand that scientists draw on data to advance
claims to knowledge and that argument is a commonplace feature of science. In particular, they will
know that some arguments in science are hypothetico-deductive (e.g.
, Copernicus’ argument for
the heliocentric system), some are inductive (the conservation of energy), and some are an
inference to the best explanat
ion (Darwin’s theory of evolution or Wegener’s argument for moving
continents). Also understood would be the role and significance of peer review as the mechanism
that the scientific community has established for testing claims to new knowledge. As such,
epistemic knowledge provides a rationale for the procedures and practices in which scientists
engage, a knowledge of the structures and defining features which guide scientific enquiry, and the
foundation for the basis of belief in the claims that science makes about the natural world.
51. Figure 6 represents what are considered to be the major features of epistemic knowledge
necessary for scientific literacy.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |