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  Figure 2. Contexts for the PISA 2015 Scientific Literacy Assessment



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Figure 2. Contexts for the PISA 2015 Scientific Literacy Assessment 
 
 
Personal 
Local/National 
Global 
Health & 
Disease 
Maintenance of health
accidents, nutrition 
Control of disease, 
social transmission, food 
choices, community 
health 
Epidemics, spread of 
infectious diseases 
Natural 
Resources 
Personal consumption 
of materials and energy 
Maintenance of human 
populations, quality of 
life, security, production 
and distribution of food
energy supply 
Maintenance of human 
populations, quality of 
life, security, production 
and distribution of food, 
energy supply 
Environmental 
Quality 
Environmentally friendly 
actions, use and 
disposal of materials 
and devices 
Population distribution
disposal of waste, 
environmental impact 
Biodiversity, ecological 
sustainability, control of 
pollution, production and 
loss of soil/biomass 
Hazards 
Risk assessments of 
lifestyle choices 
Rapid changes [e.g., 
earthquakes, severe 
weather], slow and 
progressive changes 
[e.g., coastal erosion, 
sedimentation], risk 
assessment 
Climate change, impact 
of modern 
communication 
Frontiers of 
Science and 
Technology 
Scientific aspects of 
hobbies, personal 
technology, music and 
sporting activities 
New materials, devices 
and processes, genetic 
modifications, health 
technology, transport 
Extinction of species, 
exploration of space, 
origin and structure of 
the Universe 
35. The PISA science assessment, however, is not an assessment of contexts. Rather, it assesses 
competencies and knowledge in specific contexts. The selection of these contexts, however, will 
be chosen on the basis of the knowledge and understanding that students are likely to have 
acquired by the age of fifteen.
36. Sensitivity to linguistic and cultural differences will be a priority in item development and 
selection, not only for the sake of the validity of the assessment, but also to respect these 
differences in participating countries. In developing any international test it is not possible, 
however, to include the differences in traditional and local knowledge about natural phenomena 
that exists between participating countries. This is not to deny, however, the contribution such 
knowledge can and has made to their respective cultures.

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