9.1
A VERBAL BONANZA
In this chapter we consider further methods of manufacturing LEXICAL ITEMS using the internal
resources of the language which do not fall within the scope of affixation, compounding or conversion. The
processes we will explore in this chapter generally involve some sort of recycling of existing words. We
will postpone until the next chapter discussion of the alternative strategy of expanding the vocabulary
through the importation of words from other languages which has been noted in passing in previous
chapters.
9.2
JARGON
There are speech sub-varieties that are associated with particular occupations. These sub-varieties are
primarily distinguished by their JARGON (i.e. their peculiar words and word-like expressions). The
manufacture of jargon is one of the richest sources of new words.
Jargon serves a very useful purpose. It provides members of a social sub-group with the lexical items they
need in order to talk about the subject matter that their field deals with. As a student beginning the study of
linguistics you have had the experience of being immersed in a world of bewildering jargon. You have had
to come to grips with terms like morphemes, allomorphs, alveolar, gerundive, archiphoneme and phrase
structure tree
. You can add to this list your own favourite bits of linguistic terminology.
Sometimes the jargon of a specialist group seeps into the common language of the wider community.
This is particularly likely to happen where the activities of that subgroup are fashionable or impinge directly
on the life of the wider community. So, for example, even those of us who know little, or nothing, about
chemistry do talk about catalysts and percolation. Similarly, many people who are definitely not computer
wizards now use words like what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG), database, software, interface,
daisychain, handshake
and programming for in the last few decades computer jargon has spread into the
linguistic mainstream as the use of computers has spread (Green 1987). The words daisychain (i.e. a device
that links a number of devices to a single controller) and handshake (i.e. communication between two parts
of a system e.g., computer and printer) are particularly noteworthy for they involve metaphorical extensions
of meaning. In many cases the metaphorical nature of such expressions largely goes unnoticed when they
become entrenched in the general lexicon.
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