English Words


WORDS FROM OTHER MODERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES



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Francis Katamba English Words

10.4
WORDS FROM OTHER MODERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
English has acquired many words from a number of other modern European languages in addition to French.
We will focus on Italian and German and mention other languages very briefly.
Italian loan words, though much fewer than the French ones, are nevertheless numerous. They are
concentrated in the areas of the arts (in particular music) and food. Italian is the international language of
classical music in the same way that French is the international language of ballet. So, the majority of
musical terms are from Italian:
[10.27]
adagio
allegro
allegretto
alto
andante
arpeggio
bravura
cantata
concerto
lento
finale
mezzo forte
noblimente
piano
pizzicato
rondo
scherzo
sonata
tempo
vivace
150 ENGLISH WORDS


In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Italians emigrated in large numbers to America. Many of
the Italian immigrants went into the food business and popularised Italian food. Consequently many Italian
food words entered American English and then spread to other dialects:
[10.28]
pizza
pasta
spaghetti
macaroni
cannelloni
lasagne
zucchini (=courgette)
tagliatelle
German has also been an important source of adopted words (see [10.7] and [10.8] above). In the arts, the
Bauhaus design school (1919–33) gave us the loanword Bauhaus. The musical term leitmotif was borrowed
from German as well, and a few German words referring to food (e.g. sauerkraut, schnitzel) have found
their way into English.
The rate of borrowing from a given language is rarely constant. Loans from a language may come
flooding in during one period and trickle in during another. For reasons that are not difficult to surmise,
during the 1930s and 1940s English assimilated many words from German which are associated with the
Nazis and World War II:
[10.29]
swastika
(=Nazi symbol)
Nazi (Nationalsozialist)
Gestapo
acronym formed from Geheime Staats-Polizei (Secret State-Police)
Blitzkrieg
(shortened to Blitz)
panzer
(i.e. armoured) as in Panzer division
Luftwaffe
(=airforce)

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