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essential, fundamental, organic, original; a radical change is one that does not stop at the surface, but reaches
down to the very root, and is entire, thorough, total; since the majority find superficial treatment of any matter
the easiest and most comfortable, radical measures, which strike at the root of evil or need, are apt to be
looked upon as extreme.
Antonyms:
conservative, incomplete, palliative, slight, tentative, inadequate, moderate, partial, superficial, trial.
* * * * *
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
241
RARE.
Synonyms:
curious, odd, scarce, unique, extraordinary, peculiar, singular, unparalleled, incomparable, precious, strange,
unprecedented, infrequent, remarkable, uncommon, unusual.
Unique is alone of its kind; rare is infrequent of its kind; great poems are rare; "Paradise Lost" is unique. To
say of a thing that it is rare is simply to affirm that it is now seldom found, whether previously common or
not; as, a rare old book; a rare word; to call a thing scarce implies that it was at some time more plenty, as
when we say food or money is scarce. A particular fruit or coin may be rare; scarce applies to demand and
use, and almost always to concrete things; to speak of virtue, genius, or heroism as scarce would be somewhat
ludicrous. Rare has the added sense of precious, which is sometimes, but not necessarily, blended with that
above given; as, a rare gem. Extraordinary, signifying greatly beyond the ordinary, is a neutral word, capable
of a high and good sense or of an invidious, opprobrious, or contemptuous signification; as, extraordinary
genius; extraordinary wickedness; an extraordinary assumption of power; extraordinary antics; an
extraordinary statement is incredible without overwhelming proof.
Antonyms:
See synonyms for GENERAL; NORMAL; USUAL.
* * * * *
REACH.
Synonyms:
arrive, attain, come to, enter, gain, get to, land.
To reach, in the sense here considered, is to come to by motion or progress. Attain is now oftenest used of
abstract relations; as, to attain success. When applied to concrete matters, it commonly signifies the
overcoming of hindrance and difficulty; as, the storm-beaten ship at length attained the harbor. Come is the
general word for moving to or toward the place where the speaker or writer is or supposes himself to be. To
reach is to come to from a distance that is actually or relatively considerable; to stretch the journey, so to
speak, across the distance, as, in its original meaning, one reaches an object by stretching out the hand. To
gain is to reach or attain something eagerly sought; the wearied swimmer reaches or gains the shore. One
comes in from his garden; he reaches home from a journey. To arrive is to come to a destination, to reach a
point intended or proposed. The European steamer arrives in port, or reaches the harbor; the dismantled
wreck drifts ashore, or comes to land. Compare ATTAIN.
Antonyms:
depart, go, go away, leave, set out, set sail, start, weigh anchor. embark,
* * * * *
REAL.
Synonyms:
actual, demonstrable, genuine, true, authentic, developed, positive, unquestionable, certain, essential,
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
242
substantial, veritable.
Real (L. res, a thing) signifies having existence, not merely in thought, but in fact, or being in fact according
to appearance or claim; denoting the thing as distinguished from the name, or the existent as opposed to the
non-existent. Actual has respect to a thing accomplished by doing, real to a thing as existing by whatever
means or from whatever cause, positive to that which is fixed or established, developed to that which has
reached completion by a natural process of unfolding. Actual is in opposition to the supposed, conceived, or
reported, and furnishes the proof of its existence in itself; real is opposed to feigned or imaginary, and is
capable of demonstration; positive, to the uncertain or doubtful; developed, to that which is undeveloped or
incomplete. The developed is susceptible of proof; the positive precludes the necessity for proof. The present
condition of a thing is its actual condition; ills are real that have a substantial reason; proofs are positive when
they give the mind certainty; a plant is developed when it has reached its completed stage. Real estate is land,
together with trees, water, minerals, or other natural accompaniments, and any permanent structures that man
has built upon it. Compare AUTHENTIC.
Antonyms:
conceived, feigned, illusory, supposed, unreal, fabulous, fictitious, imaginary, supposititious, untrue, fanciful,
hypothetical, reported, theoretical, visionary.
* * * * *
REASON, v.
Synonyms:
argue, debate, discuss, establish, question, contend, demonstrate, dispute, prove, wrangle. controvert,
To reason is to examine by means of the reason, to prove by reasoning, or to influence or seek to influence
others by reasoning or reasons. Persons may contend either from mere ill will or self-interest, or from the
highest motives; "That ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered to the saints," Jude
3. To argue (L. arguo, show) is to make a matter clear by reasoning; to discuss (L. dis, apart, and quatio,
shake) is, etymologically, to shake it apart for examination and analysis. Demonstrate strictly applies to
mathematical or exact reasoning; prove may be used in the same sense, but is often applied to reasoning upon
matters of fact by what is called probable evidence, which can give only moral and not absolute or
mathematical certainty. To demonstrate is to force the mind to a conclusion by irresistible reasoning; to prove
is rather to establish a fact by evidence; as, to prove one innocent or guilty. That which has been either
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