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prodigality, intemperance, etc.
Antonyms:
dearth, destitution, frugality, lack, scantiness, defect, economy, inadequacy, need, shortcoming, deficiency,
failure, insufficiency, poverty, want.
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EXECUTE.
Synonyms:
administer, carry out, do, enforce, perform.
To execute is to follow through to the end, put into absolute and final effect in action; to administer is to
conduct as one holding a trust, as a minister and not an originator; the sheriff executes a writ; the trustee
administers an estate, a charity, etc.; to enforce is to put into effect by force, actual or potential. To administer
the laws is the province of a court of justice; to execute the laws is the province of a sheriff, marshal,
constable, or other executive officer; to administer the law is to declare or apply it; to execute the law is to put
it in force; for this enforce is the more general word, execute the more specific. From signifying to superintend
officially some application or infliction, administer passes by a natural transition to signify inflict, mete out,
dispense, and blows, medicine, etc., are said to be administered: a usage thoroughly established and reputable
in spite of pedantic objections. Enforce signifies also to present and urge home by intellectual and moral
force; as, to enforce a precept or a duty. Compare DO; KILL; MAKE.
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EXERCISE.
Synonyms:
act, application, exertion, performance, action, drill, occupation, practise, activity, employment, operation,
use.
Exercise, in the ordinary sense, is the easy natural action of any power; exertion is the putting of any power to
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
136
strain and tax. An exercise-drive for a horse is so much as will develop strength and health and not
appreciably weary. But by qualifying adjectives we may bring exercise up to the full sense of exertion; as,
violent exercise. Exercise is action taken at any time with a view to employing, maintaining, or increasing
power, or merely for enjoyment; practise is systematic exercise with a view to the acquirement of facility and
skill in some pursuit; a person takes a walk for exercise, or takes time for practise on the piano. Practise is
also used of putting into action and effect what one has learned or holds as a theory; as, the practise of law or
medicine; a profession of religion is good, but the practise of it is better. Drill is systematic, rigorous, and
commonly enforced practise under a teacher or commander. Compare HABIT.
Antonyms:
idleness, inaction, inactivity, relaxation, rest.
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EXPENSE.
Synonyms:
cost, expenditure, outgo, outlay.
The cost of a thing is whatever one surrenders or gives up for it, intentionally or unintentionally, or even
unconsciously; expense is what is laid out by calculation or intention. We say, "he won his fame at the cost of
his life;" "I know it to my cost;" we speak of a joke at another's expense; at another's cost would seem to make
it a more serious matter. There is a tendency to use cost of what we pay for a possession, expense of what we
pay for a service; we speak of the cost of goods, the expense of making up. Outlay is used of some definite
expenditure, as for the purchase of supplies; outgo of a steady drain or of incidental expenses. See PRICE.
Antonyms:
gain, proceeds, profit, receipt, return, income, product, profits, receipts, returns.
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EXPLICIT.
Synonym:
express.
Both explicit and express are opposed to what is merely implicit or implied. That which is explicit is unfolded,
so that it may not be obscure, doubtful, or ambiguous; that which is express is uttered or stated so decidedly
that it may not be forgotten nor overlooked. An explicit statement is too clear to be misunderstood; an express
command is too emphatic to be disregarded. Compare CLEAR.
Antonyms:
ambiguous, implicit, indefinite, uncertain, doubtful, implied, indeterminate, vague.
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EXTEMPORANEOUS.
Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald
137
Synonyms:
extemporary, impromptu, offhand, extempore, improvised, unpremeditated.
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