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Рецензенты: Васина Рахимова, к.ф.н., доцент, Институт Востоковедения Frances М. Russek, Master of Arts - English, British Counsel
©O'zbekiston Davlat Jahon
Tillari Universiteti
PREFACE
The second revised edition of the bock intends to present the course of English literature in accordance with the programme “The Bachelor of Roman-German Philology”, of the specialty 5220100. In the process of its creation, the compilers widely used the achievements of the English, Americ an, Russian and Uzbek literary critics and scientists. In design ing this book, we have tried to establish conditions for a creative со llaboration between teacher and student. We want not only to introduce students to English authors and their works, but also to help them begin making the critical judgements that can give literature greater meaning.
The book consists of nine units. Each unit contains information about the definite period of English literature and the most prominent authors of the time. Besides, it is provided with supplementary material: a briefglossary, commentary on essential literary terms, a series of quotations and tasks, and self-check tests. They serve for the better understanding of the given material. Given the simplicity of the language, the book may be used by the students ofthe academic lyceums learning the English language as their main subject, as well. The parts of the book were used at the lectures and practical lessons in English literature at the Faculty of Foreign Philology and academic lyceum of the Bukhara State University and of the Uzbek State University of World Languages,
and it was amended and adjusted accordingly.
Ушбу ўқув қўлланма 5220100 филология йўналишининг Роман —Герман ўқув режаси асосида инглиз филологияси м утахассислиги бакалавр тизим и талабалари га
мўлжалланган. Уни яратишда инглиз, америка, рус ҳамда
ўзбек адбиётшунослари ва танқидчилари томонидан ҳозиргача ёзилган дарслик, қўлланма ва рисолалардан кенг фойдаланилди, уларнинг айрим қисмлари ҳозирги мафкурамиз нуқтаи назаридан қайта ишлаб чиқи,\ди.
Ўкув кўлланма инглиз адабиёти тарихидаги даврларга мувофиқ 9 бўлим (unit)ra бўлиНгаН' ҳоЛда тузилган. Ҳар бир бўлимда давр ҳақида ва ўша пайтда яшаб утган знг кўзга кўринган инглиз адабиёти намояндаларининг ҳаёти ва ижодий фаолияти ҳақида маълумот берилади, айрим асарларнинг мазмуни қисқача ёритилади. Талабалар ёзувчи ва шоирларнинг услуби ҳақида ҳам тушунчага эга бўлиш учун, инглиз тилидаги асарларн и топиб ўқиш республикамиздаги барча олий ўқув юртлари талабаларига бирдай имкон эмаслиги инобатга олиниб, айрим насрий ва назмий асарлардан парчалар келтирилди, инглиз адабиётига хос бўлган баъзи тушунчалар ҳақида маълумот берилди.
Шунингдек, ўқув қўлланмада берилган материалларни ен гилроқ ўзлаш тириш учун к ер ак бўлган сўз ва ибораларнинг ўзбекча тарж им алари, эски инглиз сўзларининг ҳозирги маънолари, ҳар бир бўлим ичида ва охирида талабалар ўзлаш тириш ини текшириш учун саволлар берилган. Ўқув қўлланманинг охирида инглиз адабиёти ва адабиётшуносликка тегишли энг зарур атамалар шарҳи келтирилди ва талабаларнинг инглиз адабиёти бўйича умумий билимларини тез ҳамда осон текшириш учун тест саволлари келтирилди. Инглиз адабиётидан даре берувчи ҳар бир профессор —ўқитувчи уларнинг сонини ўзи тузган янги тестлар ҳисобидан кўпайтириши ва улардан назоратнинг бир тури сифатида фойдаланиши мумкин.
Ў қ у в қ ў л л а н м а н и н г ти л и а н ч а о д д и й , ф а қ а т и қ т и д о р л и т а л а б а л а р га ги н а эмас, б ал ки я х ш и ва ўр та ў з л а ш ти р у в ч и та л а б а л а р га ҳ а м т у ш у н а р л и б ў л га н л и ги ту ф а й л и , у н и н г а й р и м қ и с м л а р и д а н ака д е м л и ц е й л а р н и н г и н гл и з т и л и га и х ти с о с л а ш га н гур ухл ар и д а ҳам ф о й д а л ан и ш м у м к и н . Ў қ у в қўл л ан м а н и н г қў л ё зм а л а р и д а н Ў з б е к и с т о н Д ав л ат ж а ҳ о н ти л л ар и у н и в е р с и т е ти д а , Б ух о р о Д а в л а т у н и в е р с и т е т и н и н г х о р и ж и й ф и л о л о ги я ф а қ у л ь те ти д а и н гл и з а д а б и ё т и д а н м аъ р уза в а ам ал и й ма,ш ғулотлар ў т и ш д а ҳам д а у н и в е р с и т е т қ о ш и д а ги а ка д е м л и ц е й ^ а и н гл и з а д а б и ё т и ҳа м д а о ғ з а к и н у т қ б ў и и ч а ў т к а з и л г а н ам ал и й м а ш ғу л о тл а р д а т а ж р и б а си ф а ти д а к е н г ф о й д ал ан и л д и .
INTRODUCTION
The Development of English literature (Periodization).
Its Place in the World Literature.
English literature is a component part of the world literature. Its best national traditions have played an important role in enriching and development ofthe world literature. English literature consists of poetry, prose and drama written in the English language by authors in England, Scotland, and Wales. These lands have produced many outstanding writers.
English literature is a rich literature. It includes masterpieces in many forms, particularly a novel; a short story, an epic and lyric poetry, an essay, literary criticism, and drama. English literature is also one of the oldest nal ional literatures in the world. The masters of English literature from the turn of the XIV century to the present rank among the world’s greatest literary figures. Such names as Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, George Gordon Byron, Charles Dickens, Bernard Shaw, John Galsworthy and many others are famous all overthe world. Their manner of writing has influenced a great number of writers, poets and playwrights from other countries.
National literature is the reflection of the history and national peculiarities of people. Each national literature has much in common with the world literary progress, but at the same time has its own specific features as well. One of the characteristic features of the English authors is that they have always been deeply interested in political and social environment of their time. They are parts of the real world, which dramatically influences what and how they write. What takes place in the writer’s study is crucial, but it also emphasizes the importance of what takes place in the larger world. The world Book Encyclopedia gives the following outline of
English literature:
Old English literature (500-1100)
A. Old English Poetry.
E*. Old English Prose.
Middle English literature (1100-1485)
The development of English romances. Et. The age o f Chaucer.
C. Early English drama.
The beginning of Modern English literature (1485- 1603)
Elizabethan poetiy. El. Elizabethan drama.
C. Elizabethan fiction.
The Stuarts and Puritans (1603-1660)
Metaphysical and Cavalier poets.. El. Jacobian drama
C. Prose: writing. I). John Milton.
Restoration literature (1660-1700).
John Dryden..
Restoration drama.
Restoration prose
The Augustan Age (1700-1750)
Swift and Pope..
Addison and Steele.
The rise of the novel
The Age of Johnson (1750-1784)
Samuel Johnson.
The Johnson circle.
Romantic literature (1784-1832)
The pre-romantics
Romantic poetry. .
Romantic prose.
Victorian literature (1832-1901).
Early Victorian literature.
Later Victorian literature.
The l ‘>0 ’s.
Literature before World War 1.
Poetry between the wars.
Fiction between the wars.
Literature after World War II.
English literature today.
Having studied the outline given above, and the periodizations presented in other books on English literature, and taking into consideration the general objectives ofthe course and the number of academic hours in the curriculum, we decided to focus on more general issues and divided this book into nine units according to the following outline:
Old English Literature.
Middle English Literature.
The Renaissance.
English literature in the Seventeenth Century.
The Eighteenth Century. (The Age of Reason or Enlightenment).
The Romantic Age.
The Victorian Age.
English Literature at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20lh century.
English Literature in the Twentieth Century.
Each period is a step in the development of English literature, and each gave the world genuine works with their own fbvor and individuality.
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