INTRODUCTION
English literature is a rich literature. It includes in many forms, particularly a
novel, a short story, an epic and lyric poetry, an essay, literary criticism and drama.
English literature is also one of the oldest national literatures in the world. The
masters of English literature form the turn of the 14th century to the present rank
among the world‘s greatest literary figures. Such names as Geoffrey Chaucer,
William Shakespeare, John Milton, Christopher Marlowe, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan
Swift, George Gordon Byron, Charles Dickens, Bernard Shaw, John Galsworthy
and many others are famous all over the world. Their way of writing has
influenced a great number of writers, poets and playwrights from other countries.
The name of William Shakespeare is connected with the great English
revolution considered as the symbol of achievements of the English literature. His
creative had a long deep impact to the development of common European thoughts
and literature of the tragedy.
The word tragedy was derived from the Greek word tragedies, which means
―the song of the goat‖. It is called ―the song of the goat‖ because in ancient Greece
the theater performers used to wear goatskin costumes to represent satyrs.
Today the theater and literature a tragedy is a work that has an unhappy ending.
The ending must include the main character‘s downfall.
Tragedy is a serious play or drama typically dealing with the problems of a
central character, leading to an unhappy or disastrous ending brought on, as in
ancient drama, by fate and a tragic flaw in this character, or, in modern drama,
usually by moral weakness, psychological maladjustment, or social pressure.
Shakespearean tragedy is the designation given to most tragedies written by
playwright William Shakespeare. Many of this history plays share the qualifiers of
a Shakespearean tragedy, but because they are based on real figures throughout the
history of England, they were classified as ―histories‖ in the First Follow. The
Roman tragedies –Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus-are also
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based on historical figures, but because their source stories were foreign and
ancient they are almost always classified as tragedies rather than histories.
Shakespeare‘s romances (tragicomic plays) were written late in his career and
published originally as either tragedy or comedy. They share some elements of
tragedy featuring a high status central character but end happily like Shakespearean
comedies. Several hundred years after Shakespeare‘s death, scholar F.S.Boas also
coined a fifth category, the ―problem play‖ for plays that do not fit neatly into a
single classification because of their subject matter, setting, or ending. The
classifications of certain Shakespeare plays are still debated among scholars.
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