Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Paul Aarts and Gerd Nonneman, eds., 

Saudi Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, For-

eign Affairs (New York: New York University Press, 2006); 

Christine Moss Helms, The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia: Evo-

lution of Political Identity (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins 

University Press; London: Croom Helm, 1981); Madawi 

al-Rasheed, A History of Saudi Arabia (Cambridge: Cam-

bridge University Press, 2002); Mai Yamani, Changed 

Identities: The Challenge of the New Generation in Saudi 

Arabia (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 

2000); Ayman al-Yassini, Religion and State in the Kingdom 

of Saudi Arabia (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985).