Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Muhammad ibn Ishaq, The Life of 

Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq’s Sirat Rasul Allah.

Translated by Alfred Guillaume (London: Oxford Uni-

versity Press, 1967); Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Kisai, 

The Tales of the Prophets (Qisas al-anbiya). Translated by 

W. M. Thackston, Jr. (1978. Reprint, Chicago: KAZI 

Pubs, 1997); Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life Based 

on the Earliest Sources (1983. Reprint, Rochester, Vt.: 

Inner Traditions, 2006); Jane D. McAuliffe, “Mary and 

Fatima in Quranic Exegesis,” Islamochristiana 7 (1981): 

19–28; Gordon Darnel Newby, The Making of the Last 

Prophet (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 

1989); Geoffrey Parrinder, Jesus in the Quran; Annema-

rie Schimmel, And Muhammad Is His Messenger: The 

Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety (Chapel Hill: 

University of North Carolina Press, 1985); Brannon M. 

Wheeler, Moses in the Quran and Islamic Exegesis (Lon-

don: Routledge, 2002); Brannon M. Wheeler, Prophets 

in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim 

Exegesis (New York: Continuum, 2002).