Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Asad Abukhalil, The Battle for Saudi 

Arabia: Royalty, Fundamentalism, and Global Power

(New York: Seven Stories Press, 2004); Malcolm H. 

Kerr,  Islamic Reform: The Political and Legal Theories 

of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida (Berkeley: Uni-

versity of California Press, 1966); Charles Kurzman, 

Modernist Islam, 1840–1940: A Sourcebook (Oxford: 

K  602  

Salafism

---

Oxford University Press, 2002); Madawi al-Rasheed, 

Contesting the Saudi State: Islamic Voices from a New 

Generation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 

2007); Itzchak Weismann, Taste of Modernity: Sufism, 

Salafiyya, and Arabism in Late Ottoman Damascus

(Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2001).

salam

  See i

slam

; 

pbuh

.

salat

  See 

prayer

.

samaa

  See 

music

; 

qawwali

.