Efficacy of bilingual and multilingual education in Pakistan

Discussion

The dilemma of this research paper was to devise a bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan and to discuss what would be its effectiveness after the implementation. Thus to answer theses questions researchers have conducted this research. This Research concluded that the students of Public and Private schools who are exposed to multilingual mode of instruction in schools have better conceptual grip, comprehension capabilities and cognitive development rather the students who are given the primary fundamental education in the second or third language. The results declared that the language we use as a mode of instruction should be closely linked to the ethnic identity of the students but on the other hand the significance of the Urdu and the international language i.e. English is not disregard. Thus a bilingual or multilingual education system should be implemented at school level in Sargodha in which there should be a beautiful balance between native language and the other languages such as official and national language.

Many previous researches have been conducted regarding multilingual and bilingual education system in Pakistan. In 2014 researcher Farhan ul Din has carried out a research work on the implementation of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan in which he observed that as Pakistan is multilingual society and has a diverse culture therefore a bilingual or multilingual education system should be implemented at school level in Pakistan. In 2012, research about monolingual and bilingual education system is conducted to check the cognitive abilities of students. The finding of this research was that the students who were exposed to bilingual education had performed better than their monolingual colleagues in all the tests. Nouri et all shared that the use of multiple will lead to increase episodic memory and semantic memory for all age groups (Nouri et all. 2003). The main purpose of this research paper and the previous research works is same that is the efficiency of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan but the thing that made this research unique is that it is a case study in Sargodha and the linguistic and cultural environment of Sargodha is kept in view during the whole work.
Researchers carried out a quantitative research, to answer the questions that were discussed at the start of this research, a survey questionnaire was conducted and reviews were taken by the participants. Most of the respondent had opted in favour of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan and almost all the reviewers showed a very positive response towards multilingual education system. Thus in a linguistically and culturally diverse society like Pakistan multilingual education is more effective than monolingual education system at school level. As the researchers worked to know about the efficiency and effectiveness of bilingual multilingual education system at school level therefore there are no such limitations but the major limitation that should be talked about is that no schools of students have taken part in this research. Only the school teachers and the senior language students were contacted for collecting the desired information. The opinion of students of schools in Sargodha is not directly taken by the researchers. That is the question of concern. To overcome this limitation a new research should be conducted based on the same idea in which the students of different schools in Sargodha must take part.
Pakistan is a multilingual and culturally diverse society despite with the reality that the whole education system is based on the two main languages which are English and Urdu and many schools are founded on the basis of Urdu medium and English medium. Most of the students in Sargodha speak in Punjabi as mother tongue. As they are not exposed to multilingual mode of education so they are unable to get understandable instructions in Urdu and English. Implementation of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level would help them in cognitive development and would be proved fruitful in increasing their learning abilities. This research work will be proved very helpful for the officials who make the language policy to recognize the importance and substantially of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan.