Education of the republic of uzbekistan tashkent state technical university named after islam karimov



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Сборник журналя Техника Инновэйшн

 
INTRODUCTION.
Recently, one of the most relevant directions in the development of 
science has become the digitalization of information processing and transmission. When 
information is transmitted in digital form, the noise immunity of the transmitted information 
increases significantly. This is based on the very principle of digital information because useful 
information is transmitted by a digital code based on the values "
1
" and "
0
". Due to this, even 


№3/2021 year 
Technical science and innovation
148 
in the presence of significant interference when receiving a signal at the output of the first logic 
element, an undistorted information signal corresponding to the transmitted signal is obtained. 
Besides, digital signal processing is much easier than analog signal processing. 
When converting an analog signal to digital, an analog-to-digital converter is used. There are 
many types of ADCs, the most commonly used successive approximation ADC. The total time 
of one conversion of an 
m
-bit ADC of the type under consideration consists mainly of the time 
required to carry out m successive approximations, therefore, the correct choice of the time of 
one approximation (iteration) is the main point that determines the speed of such ADCs. 
As you can see, the time of one iteration: 
𝑡
i
≈ 𝑡
ADC
+ 𝑡
OA
+ 𝑡
C

(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the ADC, the maximum input signal is 10 V, which corresponds to a quantization 
step of about 5 mV. The maximum settling times of the DAC and OA at large input voltages of 
the order of 
𝑈
in max
/2
, which occur at the first iteration, are 0.3 and 1.5 μs, respectively. 
As follows from the examples considered earlier, for the comparator not to introduce 
significant additional noise, it must have a sensitivity of at least 0.1 quantization step, which 
corresponds to 0.5 mV for a given ADC. The typical sensitivity of the 521CA2 comparator is 
approximately 3 mV, and with an overexcitation voltage of 0.5 mV, it cannot work. This means 
that only due to its limited sensitivity, this comparator introduces an error of about one 
quantization step and the least significant bit of such an ADC is simply not implemented. It can 
be seen from the characteristics of the comparator that an overexcitation voltage of 5 mV 
corresponds to a turn-on time of the order of 0.2 μs. Thus, the time of one iteration for the 
considered ADC is determined mainly by the op-amp and is 
𝑡
i
≅ 2
μs, hence the total ADC 
conversion time is 20 μs. 

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