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Table 2.
Fixed deformations at the Muruntau quarry according to the latest research
Date of
appearanc
e
Strain number
Strain state
Brief description of the deformation
2020
16-June
39-b
development
The deformity is
in a state of
development
South pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon+255.0 m on the
horizon+75.0 m, spalling and landing, front
length 452 meters, deformation volume 1068
thousand m
3
2009
26-March
47
development
The deformation
is in a stable state.
North pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon+580.0 m on the
horizon+465.0 m, landslide, front length 350
meters, deformation volume 94.5 thousand m
3
,
estimated volume of possible deformation
within the boundaries of the potential sliding
surface 420.0 thousand m
3
2011
26-
January
53
The deformation
is in a stable state.
North pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon +405.0 m on the horizon
+300.0 m, collapse, front length 70 meters,
deformation volume 10.0 thousand m3
2013
22- octobr
53
development
The deformation
is in a stable state.
North pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon +255.0 m in horizon
+165.0 m, collapses, front length 80 meters,
deformation volume 17.0 thousand m
3
2014,
18- March
54
The deformity is
in a state of
development.
South pit edge. The slope of the non-working
bench from the horizon +513.6 m along the
horizon +465.0 m, landslide, front length 361
meters,
estimated
volume
of
possible
deformation within the boundaries of the
potential sliding surface 673.0 thousand m
3
2019,
27- august
56
The deformity is
in a state of
development.
South pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon +405.0 m on the horizon
+300.0 m, landslide, front length 285 meters,
estimated deformation volume 390.2 thousand
105
m
3
2013,
26-
december
1м
Mutenbai
The deformation
is in a stable state.
South pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon +475.0 m on the horizon
+375.0 m, collapse, front length 248 meters,
deformation volume 29.2 thousand m
3
2020,
10- august
2м
Mutenbai
The deformity is
in a state of
development.
South pit edge. The slope of a non-working
bench from the horizon +355.0 m on the horizon
+300.0
m,
"Mutenbai",
collapses
and
subsidence,
front
length
173
meters,
deformation volume 82.8 thousand m
3
Accordingly, the probability of deformations of the pit edge sections at great depths
decreases. Consequently, in the future, as the depth of mining operations increases, there is a real
opportunity to increase the angles of slopes of non-working bench on deep horizons [14-16].
The reasons for the deformations of slopes of different nature are mainly:
1. Layers of carbonaceous shale with unfavorable angles of incidence in the direction of the
developed space.
2. Fracturing and blockiness of rocks.
3. Unfavorably oriented diverse tectonic disturbances.
Insufficient consideration of both the complex structural disturbances themselves and their
influence on the nature of deformation processes leads to an insufficiently justified choice of the
parameters of quarry slopes.
These deformations correspond to natural earthquakes that have occurred during the
considered period of time and have a reliable correlation in three parameters – magnitude, time, and
depth of earthquakes.
It is known that part of the pit edge array of the western and eastern sides of the quarry is
subject to secondary flooding for a long time due to water leaks and discharge of mine and domestic
water. The survey showed that the stability of the slopes in these areas has not undergone
significant changes. The number of flaws, scree and small collapses during the survey periods was
the same as in the neighboring areas that are not subject to secondary flooding.
The geological structure, properties of the rocks composing the pit edge array, and the
results of high-precision instrumental observations of the state of the pit edge array indicate that the
main deformations in the further development of the quarry will be local collapse deformations, as a
rule, not going beyond the limit contour of the quarry.
The formation of large-scale landslide-type deformations with an exit beyond the limit
contour of the quarry is unlikely.
The specified features of the geological structure of the pit edge array and the deformation
of the slopes of the benches at the Muruntau quarry should be taken into account when choosing the
maximum angles of inclination of the sides of the quarry and the parameters of the benches for
predicting an increase in the depth of the quarry to 1000 m.
Thus, the obtained results of studies of the relationship between the deformations of the pit
edges of the quarry and the seismic activity necessitate additional studies to determine the
multiplicity of internal and external seismic impacts when assessing the stability of the pit edges of
the quarry.
106
It is established that the most degree of deformation is confirmed in the fault zones of
tectonic disturbances in the areas of the Southern edge of the Muruntau quarry. Actively developing
deformations in the Southern edge of the quarry reduces stability and is considered dangerous
during development.
Studies have shown that the analysis of the causes of deformation of the slopes and pit edges
of the quarry indicates that the magnitude and nature of the deformation processes depend on the
height of the bench, the inclination angle of the slopes, the physical and mechanical properties, the
lithological and structural features of the pit edge array and the geodynamic activity of the fault
zones.
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