Education of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan named after mirzo

§2. Morphological level 
Main notions of the paragraph: 
1.
 
The basic unit of the morphological level is a morpheme 
2.
 
Category of case 
3.
 
Category of number 

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4.
 
Category of
 
degree 
5.
 
Category of
 
tense 
6.
 
Category of voice 
The next level with general categories in both English and Uzbek that can 
be typologically compared is morphological. This level considers the structure of 
a word, the forms of inflection, the ways of expressing grammatical meanings, 
and also the assignment of words to a specific part of speech. The basic unit of 
the morphological level is the morpheme – the smallest structural unit having a 
bilateral character.
The morpheme is a stable sequence of phonemes making up its material 
side, the content of the morpheme, or its semantics, usually consists of a certain 
set of minimal semantic elements called semes. Morphemes can be of two kinds: 
it can be a non-derivative basis containing the meaning of the word
–
root 
morpheme; it can be affix morphemes that carry particular functions. Affix 
morphemes can also be of two kinds: 1) inflectional morphemes expressing the 
relationship between words in a phrase or sentence: a morpheme of comparative 
degree 
-er
in English 
(fast-er)
; 2) word-building morphemes used either to form 
a new word: a morpheme of profession 
-chi
in Uzbek 
(o`qituv-chi – teacher).
The combination of the root morpheme with the affix morpheme builds a 
word form: degree of adjectives 
soft/soft-er/the soft-est
or past form of verb 
look/look-ed
in English; the forms of noun in different cases 
uy/uy-ni/uy-ning/uy-
ga/uy-dan
in Uzbek. An amount of word forms, reflecting the system of 
inflectional changes, forms a paradigm that serves as an inflection model of a 
whole group of words included in this part of speech. For instant, the declension 
paradigm of adjective degrees, the conjugation paradigm of verbs, the declension 
paradigm of noun in cases, etc. 
The set of paradigms characterizing a given class of words, is called 
grammatical expression of the most common properties, or characteristics, which 
owns particular part of speech in grammatical point of view. All these properties 

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or characteristics form some general grammatical term, commonly called 
grammatical category. 
Based on all of the above, it can be concluded that the morphological level 
of the tongue is composed of the following values: morphemes, containing 
bundles of elementary semantic quantities – seme, word forms, expressing 
specific relationships between words, paradigms, which are a stable set of 
relationships, and finally-grammatical categories – general grammatical concepts 
realized materially in classes of words. 
From the grammatical point of view particular word classes are clarified as 
parts of speech. Parts of speech are rather general typological universals and used 
to compare a lot of languages. Almost all languages have special classes of words 
such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, etc. Each part of speech has 
its specific grammatical categories that differ from language to language due to 
the morphological type of languages. However, the most general grammatical 
categories serve as a criterion for comparative typology of languages despite of 
their morphological form. These are the categories of noun (case, number, 
person), adjective (grade), verb (tense), etc.