Education of the republic of uzbekistan karshi branch of tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization

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MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED 
EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN 
 
KARSHI BRANCH OF TASHKENT INSTITUTE OF 
IRRIGATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION 
ENGINEERS 
 
 
Faculty:Agricultural mechanization engineers____________ 
Group number:____115__________________________ 
Thema:_Independent work. Australia__________________________ 
 
INDEPENDENT WORK 
 
Studend: ____Nasimova Shahzoda____________________ 
 
Teacher: ___Namozova Saodat______________________ 
 
KARSHI 2022

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Theme:Australia 
1.History 
2.Literature 
3.Agriculture 
Until the 18th century, Australian aborigines lived under a primitive 
community system. The first Europeans to enter the mainland were the Dutch 
sea travelers V. Jans-zon (1606) and A. Ya. Those who came from Tasman 
(1642). To explore the new continent, England sent several expeditions, 
including an expedition led by J. Cook (1770). In 1788, A. was declared a 
British territory. From the 1920s onwards, A. developed sheep breeding, and 
in the 1930s the first industrial enterprises appeared. Due to the Golden Age 
(1851–61) in the second half of the 19th century, the number of immigrants 
increased significantly. The British government was forced to grant self-
government to most of them in 1855 under pressure from the widespread 
popular movement that had begun in the colonies of A.D. (the Eureka 
Uprising of 1854 and other uprisings of the gold diggers). In 1901, the 
colonies in A. were united into a federation of 6 states - the Commonwealth 
of Australia, which gained dominion status. In 1906, it was annexed by the 
British colony of Pa-pua (southeastern New Guinea), and after World War I 
(in which A.'s troops fought as part of the British army) the former German 
colony of New Guinea (New Guinea). the northeastern part of the island) and 
the island of Nauru (as a territory under the mandate of the United Nations). 
During World War II, A. acted on the side of the anti-Hitler coalition. 
Australia has been a member of the United Nations since 1945. After the war, 
A. became an independent state, remaining part of the British-led 
Commonwealth. After the war, a coalition of bourgeois parties, the Liberal 

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and the Agrarian (since 1975, the National Agrarian), was almost always in 
power. It was not until 1949, 1972-75, and 1983 that the government was 
formed by Labor. The party has taken a number of steps to pursue an 
independent path in foreign and domestic policy. The A. government was 
forced to grant independence to Nauru (1968) and Papua New Guinea (1975). 
In 1991, diplomatic relations were established between A. and the Republic 
of Uzbekistan. National holiday - A. Day (January 26). 
Australian literature is in English (aborigines do not have their own script). 
In the first half of the 19th century, the metropolis developed under the 
influence of literature. National realist literature emerged in an environment 
of socio-political upheaval in the 1990s. It was founded by T. Collins, H. 
Lawson, and others. The events of the First World War contributed to the 
further development of A. literature. In the works of this period, oppression 
was exposed, the tragedy of the aborigines was reflected (K. S. Prichard, H. 
H. Richardson, E. V. Palmer, K. Tennant, B. Penton, and others). In the 
prose of A. Marshall, J. Morrison, in the poetry of B. Adamson, M. Gilmor, 
the shortcomings of society were criticized, and the ideas of national 
independence were glorified. Racial discrimination is an important topic for 
writers. These include FB Vickers's "Sarob" (1955), D. Kyuzek's "Sun in 
Persecution" (1955) and "Black Lightning" (1964), G. Casey's "Snowball" 
(1958), D. Stewart's "Yen-di" (1959). , M. Durek's "Save Him, My 
Motherland" (1955) and others. In dramaturgy, contemporary problems are 
addressed: A. Turner, S. Locke-Elliot, K. Duncan, D. Kyuzek, O. Gray, R. 
Louler, M. Brand plays. 
3. Australia is a large landowner. More than 80% of the land used is in the 
hands of large landowners. Farms are characterized by hardiness, 
mechanization and specialization. Livestock accounts for more than 60% of 
Australia's (state) output. 174 million sheep and 24.1 million cattle. forms 
the head. The main areas of sheep breeding are the south-eastern and south-
western coasts; The dairy region is located on the south-eastern coast, and 

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the meat-growing region is located in the east and north of the country. 
Salkam 15 mln. hectares, of which 1.5 mln. hectares are irrigated. The main 
crops are wheat (average yield 14.3 million tons per year) and sugar cane, as 
well as barley, oats, brooms, corn, rice, corn, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, 
grapes and fruit trees. An average of 3.7 million people die each year. t. 
sugar raw materials, 3.7 mln. t. meat, 720 thousand tons. grows wool.