Education of the republic of uzbekistan ferghana state university

WHAT IS ANATOMASY?
Through this the object receives a new name, but it is based on its traditional name.(circumlocution)
P. can be combined with other stylistic devices and be, for instance, metaphorical/metonimical.
Antonomasia, a figure of speech in which some defining word or phrase is substituted for a person’s proper name (for example, “the Bard of Avon” for William Shakespeare). In fiction, the practice of giving to a character a proper name that defines or suggests a leading quality of that character (such as Squire Allworthy, Doctor Sawbones) is also called antonomasia. The word is from the Greek antonomasía, a derivative of antonomázein, “to call by a new name.”
In rhetoric, antonomasia is a kind of metonymy in which an epithet or phrase takes the place of a proper name, such as "the little corporal" for Napoleon I. Conversely, antonomasia can also be using a proper name as an archetypal name, to express a generic idea.
A frequent instance of antonomasia in the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance was the use of the term "the Philosopher" to refer to Aristotle. A more recent example of the other form of antonomasia (usage of archetypes) was the use of "Solons" for "the legislators" in 1930s journalism, after the semi-legendary Solon, lawgiver of Athens.
Stylistically, such epithets may be used for elegant variation to reduce repetition of names in phrases.
The word comes from the Greek ἀντονομασία, antonomasia, itself from the verb ἀντονομάζειν, antonomazein 'to name differently'.
It will also focus its resources and classifications in both languages. The study also aims at investigating the purposes behind using antonomasia in the languages under investigation.
+A stylistic device may be defined as a pattern according to which the peculiarities of the language may be materialized.
Lexical stylistic devices reveal (раскрывают) the following patterns:
Interplay of different types of lex. meaning;
Intensification (усиление) of characteristic traits of the phenomena described;
Intentional (намеренно) mixing of word of different stylistic aspects.
Metaphor is transfer of the name of the object to another object on the basis of similarity, likeness of 2 objects. Metaphor has no formal limitations: it can be a word, a phrase, any part of the sentence or a whole, even a part of the text or a whole text (Алиса в стране чудес).
A metaphor can exist only with in a context. The metaphor brings to the surface, the reader to have a new fresh look at the object. The chief function is to create images.
E.g. England has 2 eyes: Oxford & Cambridge.Stylistic metaphors can be classified semantically and structurally.
Semantically: In genuine metaphor the clash of two meanings results in to something Imedgenery. genuine metaphor to be found in poetry and emotive prose. In tricked metaphor it s vaguely (едва заметно) felt. Ex/ a leg of the chair, a ray of hope. tricked metaphor used in newspaper articles.
Structurally metaphors can be classified as simple (realized in one word and creating one image) and sustained (развернутая) (realized in a number of a logically connected words sentences)
Metaphor may be based on similarity (сходство):
Appearance or farm – nut – орех, голова.
Temperature – boiling hot – кипяток, вспыльчивый характер.
Similarity of color – violet – фиолетовый, фиалка.
Similarity of function of use – hand – рука, стрелка часов.
The names of animals – ass – осёл, упрямый, глупый.
Metonymy –it’s a semantic process of associating 2 objects, one of which makes part of the other or is closely connected with it. It is a deliberate use of words in 2 lexical meanings (dictionary and context). Metonymy is a transference of meaning based on contiguity.

The metonymy based on the types of possible association^\:

1. part for the whole (a flit of fifty sails).
2. a symbol for a thing symbolized (skinheads).
3. the container instead of the thing contained (the hall applauded).
4. the material for the thing made of (glasses).
5. the author for his work.
6. the instrument for the agent of the action performed (his pen knows no compromise).
Metonymy is expressed by nouns.
Irony is based on interplay of 2 logical meanings: dictionary & contextual which stand in opposition to each other. Irony doesn’t exist outside the context.
E.g.: She turned with the sweet smile of an alligator.
Irony must not be confused with humour. They have much in common. The effect of irony in such cases is created by a number of statesmnts or by whole ot the text. This type of irony is sustained irony.
Epithet expresses a characteristic of an object existing or imaginary. It’s basic feature is emotiveness & subjectivity: the characteristic attached to the object to qualify it is always chosen by the speaker himself.
Thus epithet is based on interplay(взаимосвязи) of logical & emotive meaning. The later is born in context & prevails over the logical meaning. Logical attributes (which are not stylistic devices) are objective and non-evaluative.
E.g.: a pretty young girl – logical attribute, a care and radiant maiden - epithet.
Epithets can be classified semantically (cold-blooded murder) and structurally (a lip sticky smile).
Richard the Lion Heart.
Oxymoron is a variety of epithet. It is also an attributive or an adverbial word joined with an antonymic word in one combination.
E.g.: crowded loneliness, An ugly beauty, To shout silently.
Antonomasia it is lexical stylistic devices based on the interaction of logical and nominal meanings of the same words. In antonomasia a proper name is used instead of common noun or vice a versa (наоборот).
The specific type of antonomasia is so called speaking
Antonomasia (pronounced an-tuh-nuh–mey-zhuh) is a literary term in which a descriptive phrase replaces a person’s name. Antonomasia can range from lighthearted nicknames to epic names.
The phrase antonomasia is derived from the Greek phrase antonomazein meaning “to name differently.”
II. Examples of Antonomasia
Oftentimes, antonomasia is used to call attention to a certain characteristic.
Example 1
Imagine that you have a friend who is a fantastic chef, and you want to say hello.
Normal sentence:
“Oh, look! Sam’s arrived!”
Sentence with Antonomasia:
“Oh, look! The great chef has arrived!”
Here, the use of antonomasia allows you to greet your friend with a nickname which also reveals something about his character: he’s a great chef.
Example 2
For another example, consider that you have a grumpy teacher:
Normal sentence:
“He’s grumpy, boring, doesn’t want to listen to anyone, and definitely doesn’t want to help anyone.”
Sentence with Antonomasia:
“Mr. Grumps doesn’t want to listen to anyone, and definitely doesn’t want to help anyone.”
Replacing the teacher’s actual name with his defining characteristic, grumpiness, serves to highlight just how much the mood is associated with the man.
Example 3
For a commonly use example of antonomasia, consider two women discussing men:
Normal sentence:
“He’s such a good guy. I enjoy his company so much! I just hope he’s the right guy for me.”
With the addition of antonomasia, we can emphasize the quality she hopes to find in this man:
Sentence with Antonomasia:
“He’s such a good guy. I enjoy his company so much! I just hope he’s Mr. Right.“
Giving a man the title “Mr. Right” is an everyday example of antonomasia in conversation.