/о /, /о:/,
/ а : / .
2) According to the vertical movement of the tongue (or to
the height of the raised part of the tongue) vowels may be classi
fied into:
a)
close or high - /u:/, /
1
/, /u/, /u:/;
b)
mid-open or mid -
/е/, /л/, /э:/ /э/;
с )
open or low - /ае/, /о/, /о:/, /а:/.
Each of these heights of the tongue has two variations: nar
row and broad. These principles of vowel classification are very
important in comparative-typological studies of the vowel sys
tems of two or more languages and also in languages with many
vowels.
3) According to the position of the Ups vowels may be
rounded and unrounded. Rounded vowels are of two types: a)
slightly rounded - /з/, /u/ and b) closely rounded - /
0
:/, /u:/; there
are two types of unrounded vowels as well:
a)
neutral position of
lips - /л/, /э:/, /
1
/ and
b)
spread position of lips - /а:/, /ае/.
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