Economic theory

The characteristics of the authorized capital include:
- The amount of authorized capital is determined in accordance with the charter of the enterprise and the memorandum of association and is relatively permanent. Change of its initial amount is carried out only by re-transfer of the charter of the enterprise from the state account;
- The actual formation of the authorized capital is limited in time. In accordance with the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the deadline for the formation of the authorized capital of enterprises is one year from the date of establishment.
- The founders' contributions to the charter capital may include long-term and short-term assets, ie fixed assets, intangible assets, capital and financial investments, inventories and cash. The shares of the founders in the charter capital are the basis for the distribution of the net profit of the enterprise in the share method, and the number of shares is the basis for the distribution of the net profit in accordance with each of them. Net profit is not distributed in state-owned enterprises and is aimed at increasing the amount of authorized capital.
Sources of private capital formation
Authorized capital depends on the organizational and legal forms of enterprises and property
depending on the shape. In state-owned enterprises, the charter capital consists of a set of properties attached to it by the state. In enterprises established on the basis of private and collective partnership property, the charter capital consists of shares and contributions of the founders. The charter capital of joint-stock companies consists of the sum of the nominal value of ordinary and preferred shares issued. The charter capital of an enterprise shall be established at the expense of the founders' shares in accordance with its charter and the founding agreement. It can be replenished at the expense of the profit of the enterprise from economic activity, if necessary, at the expense of the target contributions of the founders. Buildings, structures, devices and other material values ​​as a contribution to the charter capital of the enterprise: land, Sources of formation of private capitalInternal sources External sources Profit at the disposal of the enterprise Attraction of additional share capital Depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets Non-refundable financial assistance Other external sources of private capital formation Other internal sources of private capital formation Water and other natural resources rights, as well as other property rights (including for the use of inventions, "NOU HOW" and other intangible assets); cash in freely convertible currencies in the currencies of the member states of the joint venture may be added. Enterprises, organizations, associations,
The organization of the authorized capital is carried out on the basis of current laws and constituent documents. Tangible and intangible assets added to the charter capital in the form of contributions are valued and accounted for in accordance with the agreement of the founders or the decision of the executive body of the legal entity. Today, enterprises of various forms of ownership operate in the country. These include state-owned enterprises, joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, joint ventures and others. The charter capital of a state-owned enterprise is the amount of material and monetary funds provided free of charge by the state to the permanent management of the enterprise. Fixed and working capital are formed at the expense of the authorized capital. The fixed asset is provided to the enterprise depending on the existing production volume and production service facilities, and working capital is provided on the basis of standards. The norm is set by the higher organization. but their distribution is carried out independently by the enterprise itself. According to the current procedure, the amount of the charter capital of the enterprise must correspond to the amount specified in its constituent documents. For state-owned enterprises, the constituent document is the order of a higher organization on the establishment of the enterprise and the transfer of authorized capital to its balance sheet. In some cases, the size of the charter capital of a state-owned enterprise may change. The amount of authorized capital can be changed only by a higher organization. The charter capital of a joint-stock company consists of the nominal value of the shares purchased by its shareholders.
The amount of the charter capital of a joint-stock company may increase or decrease. According to Article 21 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Joint Stock Companies and Protection of Shareholders' Rights", "the charter capital of a company may be increased by increasing the nominal value of shares or placing additional shares." Reduction of the charter capital of a joint-stock company occurs in emergencies and is carried out in the same manner as its increase. The decrease in the amount of authorized capital is due to a decrease in the total number of shares. This includes the purchase of shares by the company itself with subsequent payment of a fee. According to the current legislation, a joint-stock company can pay for material wealth, property or other rights, which are monetized as a contribution to the charter capital and contributed by the founders to pay for the company's shares. Forms of payment for shares of the company at the time of its formation are specified in the agreement on the establishment of the company or the company's charter, payment for additional shares and other securities in the decision on their placement . The shareholder must pay the full amount of the shares within the time limits set by the founding meeting, but not later than one year after the registration of the company. After the expiration of the period for the purchase of shares, the company has the right to sell them at its discretion. Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan Chapter IV, In accordance with Article 62, a limited liability company is a company established by one or more persons, the charter capital (charter capital) of which is divided into shares in the amounts specified in the constituent documents. The amount of divided shares in the capital of such a company shall be determined in the constituent documents. Its participants are liable for the obligations only within the limits of their property. According to the current legislation, reserve capital is created in enterprises, organizations and societies. Its amount should not be less than 20% of the charter capital of the company. The reserve capital is formed annually by deductions from net profit until it reaches the amount specified in the company's charter. Reserve capital to cover losses of the enterprise, payment of dividends on preferred shares, used to repurchase shares at the request of shareholders. At the same time, the reserve capital accounts are intended for the reserve account, which is formed from the profit account in accordance with the inflationary reserves arising from the revaluation of long-term assets. Under current law, the value of property received free of charge increases the income tax base. The property received free of charge is reflected in the account at the fair value determined by the expert or on the basis of transfer documents. Under current law, the value of property received free of charge increases the income tax base. The property received free of charge is reflected in the account at the fair value determined by the expert or on the basis of transfer documents. Under current law, the value of property received free of charge increases the income tax base. The property received free of charge is reflected in the account at the fair value determined by the expert or on the basis of transfer documents.
Equity is designed to take into account the difference in exchange rate in the formation of the authorized capital and the issue proceeds from the first sale of shares at prices above the par value. Purchased private shares may be retained by the company on its balance sheet or resold on the stock market. By the decision of the shareholders, the authorized capital may be reduced to the amount of purchased private shares, and the shares themselves may be canceled. However, in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Joint Stock Companies and Protection of Shareholders' Rights", such shares may not be held for more than one year. Retained earnings represent the accumulation of profits and can be added to the charter capital at the discretion of the owners. The activity of the ginnery for all years and the amount of retained earnings or uncovered losses during the reporting period differ from each other. The decision on the distribution of profits is made by the owners of the enterprise