Economic theory

Today, the economy of our country is based on the democratization of society,
It is developing on the basis of a specially developed model for our country, the transition to market relations, aimed at strengthening the potential of the economy and making the country one of the developed countries. This model is based on the five principles of economic reform put forward by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and is defined by the necessary legislation to protect the freedom of economic entities, private property and entrepreneurship. In the implementation of these tasks, which are required for the development of the economy, enterprises play an important role, which is not only the main production link of the economy, but also meets the needs of consumers through the production of goods and services.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the enterprise has the status of a legal entity, is an independent economic entity, meets the needs of consumers (buyers) on the basis of the use of its property and income (profit) ) produces and sells or exchanges products (works, services) for the purpose of obtaining. At present, there are 500,000 economic entities with different forms of ownership in various sectors and industries of Uzbekistan, of which about 280,000 are small businesses and micro-firms. The largest number of enterprises is registered in trade and catering (34%), agriculture (41%), industry (9.4%) and construction (56%). The share of the non-governmental sector in the total number of enterprises is large, accounting for 82%. 11 There are many small and large manufacturing enterprises in Uzbekistan, covering almost all sectors of the economy - from heavy industry to light industry, from processing of agricultural products to scientific production. consider the characteristics, functions, and responsibilities of the enterprise. A modern enterprise is an independent business entity, whose means of production and other property belong to it. Therefore, enterprises are state and non-state, depending on the form of ownership; according to industry characteristics, mechanical engineering, energy, metallurgy, oil and gas industry, construction complex, food, light industry, trade; large, micro and small according to production volume and number of employees; continuous according to the period of operation, divided into seasonal and intermittent enterprises.But regardless of these characteristics, almost every enterprise operates on the basis of the Charter. The charter shall specify the name, address of the enterprise, the higher body and the name of this body, the Statutory Fund, details of banking institutions, positions of the enterprise management, responsibilities of managers, list of structural subdivisions, reporting procedure. If the Charter defines the organizational and legal functions of the enterprise, its production and economic activities are based on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and working capital, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. almost every enterprise operates on the basis of the Charter. The charter shall specify the name, address of the enterprise, the higher body and the name of this body, the Statutory Fund, details of banking institutions, positions of the enterprise management, responsibilities of managers, list of structural subdivisions, reporting procedure. If the Charter defines the organizational and legal functions of the enterprise, its production and economic activities are based on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and working capital, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. almost every enterprise operates on the basis of the Charter. The charter shall specify the name, address of the enterprise, the higher body and the name of this body, the Statutory Fund, details of banking institutions, positions of the enterprise management, responsibilities of managers, list of structural subdivisions, reporting procedure. If the Charter defines the organizational and legal functions of the enterprise, its production and economic activities are based on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and working capital, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. The statutory fund, details of banking institutions, positions of management of the enterprise, responsibilities of executives, the list of structural divisions, the reporting procedure will be specified. If the Charter defines the organizational and legal functions of the enterprise, its production and economic activities are based on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and working capital, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. The statutory fund, details of banking institutions, positions of management of the enterprise, responsibilities of executives, the list of structural divisions, the reporting procedure will be specified. If the Charter defines the organizational and legal functions of the enterprise, its production and economic activities are based on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and working capital, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. its production and economic activity relies on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and circulating funds, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise. its production and economic activity relies on the Statutory Fund, which includes fixed and circulating funds, cash and other assets. The statutory fund is formed in accordance with the law by the founders - the state, legal entities and individuals in the process of establishing the enterprise.
As a result of enterprise development and expansion of production, increase in income and other financial revenues, the Statutory Fund can be increased. In general, the statutory fund reflects the economic stability and financial strength of the enterprise. In this sense, the result of any economic action must be profitable. The main aspect of today's planned market economy is that, unlike the planned economy in the socialist system, it opens up a wide range of opportunities for every economic entity.
In administrative management or planning, the organization of economic activity, the transition to a market economy, which began on the basis of radical changes in the system of forms and methods of management, increasing the passion and freedom of economic movement, clear and independent allows the subjects of action to act as the owner of property and achievements on behalf of. Our greatest achievement is that at the same time the enterprises have been completely denationalized and transformed into enterprises operating in various forms of ownership. The main goal of establishing and conducting production, commercial and entrepreneurial activities in an environment based on free market relations is to achieve high efficiency. Privatization, The process of denationalization and corporatization has taken place in a market economy and is characterized by the capacity of economic entities based on different ownership indicators of their private capital. An entity that does not have sufficient private capital will not be able to continuously develop its operations and its ability to withstand the competition that arises in the market will be weak.
Therefore, the availability of private capital, its constant increase is an important element that guarantees the development of any business entity, including limited liability companies, in a market economy. Private equity accounting is important in today's free market economy, which indicates the degree to which an enterprise has its own level of power. Taking into account these aspects, the Law "On Accounting", adopted at the 6th session of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the first convocation, also pays great attention to private capital accounting. According to Article 16 of the financial statements, Form 5 is entitled “Private Equity Report”. this form must be submitted to higher authorities each year in addition to other reports. In limited liability companies, as in other forms of ownership, the object of accounting is the assets and liabilities that shape the financial and economic activities. But at the same time in limited liability companies there are objects that arise from the peculiarities of this form of ownership and must be taken into account in accounting. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. In limited liability companies, as in other forms of ownership, the object of accounting is the assets and liabilities that shape the financial and economic activities. But at the same time in limited liability companies there are objects that arise from the peculiarities of this form of ownership and must be taken into account in accounting. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. In limited liability companies, as in other forms of ownership, the object of accounting is the assets and liabilities that shape the financial and economic activities. But at the same time in limited liability companies there are objects that arise from the peculiarities of this form of ownership and must be taken into account in accounting. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. assets and liabilities that form the business activity. But at the same time in limited liability companies there are objects that arise from the peculiarities of this form of ownership and must be taken into account in accounting. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. assets and liabilities that form the business activity. But at the same time in limited liability companies there are objects that arise from the peculiarities of this form of ownership and must be taken into account in accounting. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics. One of such objects of accounting is the liberal economic and social activity of enterprises and organizations using the method of management, management and ownership of property. In accounting, this process has its own characteristics.
These include transactions related to the issuance and circulation of shares, private (authorized) capital, securities, income (profit), dividend payments, specially formed funds and the distribution of profits. All of these processes are accounting objects that are specific to accounting in limited liability companies. The study of these objects is based on the principle of double entry, which is one of the important fundamental principles of accounting. At the heart of this is the following equation:
ASSETS = PRIVATE CAPITAL + LIABILITIES It is clear from this equation that private capital represents the property and financial status of the activities of each business entity. Form 5 of the Financial Report, approved by Order No. 5 of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 15, 2004, states that the structure of private capital is as follows:
charter capital, added capital, reserve capital, retained earnings, losses not covered by private capital. Private capital is the value of property owned by an entity. This capital can be defined as the difference between total capital and borrowed capital, namely: