|
-
1,20
Sn
Sn2+
+
2 ё
=
Sn~L
- 0 , 1 4
Sn4+
+
2
ё
=
Sn2+
+0,15
Sri4+
+
4 ё
=
Sn-i
+
0,01
H S n 0
2
+
H ,0
+
2 e
=
SnJ.
+
ЗОН’
-0 ,9 1
7 - К - 173
97
6-jadvalning davomi
Sn(OH)
l~ +
2 e = H S n 0 7 + 3 0 H - + H 20
- 0 ,9 2
Sr
Sr2+ +
2
e = Sri
- 2 , 8 9
Те
T e l + 2 ё = Те2'
- 1 , 1 4
T e l +
2
H+ +
2
ё = H2T e f
- 0 ,7 1
Ti
Ti2+ + 2 ё = T i l
- 1 ,6 3
Ti3+ + ё = Ti2+
- 0 ,3 7
ТЮ2+ + 2H + + 4 e = T i l + 4 H , 0
- 0 , 8 9
T i 0 2+ + 2H + + ё = Ti3+ + H20
+
0,10
TiF 2~ + 4 e = T i l +
6
F~
- 1 , 1 9
T i 0 2l + 4 H + + 4 ё = T i l + 2H 20
-
0,86
U
U 3+ + 3 ё = U l
- 1 , 8 0
u 4+ + e = U 3+
- 0 , 6 4
V
V2+ + 2 ё = V I
-
1,20
V3+ + ё = V2+
- 0 , 2 6
Zn
Zn2+ + 2 ё = Z n l
- 0 , 7 6
Z n ( C N ) 2'
= Z n l + 4CN-
- 1 , 2 6
Z n ( N H , ) 2- +
2
ё = Z n l + 4 N H 3f
- 1 , 0 4
Zn(O H )2l + 2 ё = Z n l + 20H ~
- 1 ,2 5
Zn
0
2 ~
+
2H 20 + 2 ё = Z n l + 4 0 H -
-
1,22
ZnCOjI
+
21
=
Z n l + C O 2-
- 1 , 0 6
Z n S l + 2 ё = Z n l + S2-
- 1 , 4 2
98
S u vd a kam eriy d ig a n m od d alarn in g eru vch aiiiik
k i r n a r i m a s i
Formula
°C
EK
Formula
"C
EK
Asoslar
Sulfidlar
Al(OH
)3
25
1 ,9-10
' 33
Ag2S
25
1,6
- i o - 49
Co(OH
)2
18
1
,
6
-
1 0
1S
As
2
S
3
18
4 , 6 - 10
“29
Cr(OH
)3
17
5 , 4 - IO
-31
CdS
18
3 ,6 -10
- 29
Fe(OH
)3
18
О
00
fO
CoS
ф)
18
2
,
0
-
1 0-27
Fe(OH
)2
18
4 , 8 - 10
- 16
CuS
25
8 ,5 -
1 0-45
Mg(OH
)2
25
5 , 0 - 10
- ' 2
FeS
25
3,7-10
- ' 9
Mn(OH
)2
18
4 , 0 - 10
- ' 4
HgS
18
4 , 0 - IO
"59
Ni(O H
)2
25
1,6
•
1 0 -14
MnS
19
1,4-1 0
15
Sb(OH
)2
—
4 , 0 -IO
"42
NiS (y)
18
2
,
0
- IO
"28
Zn(OH
)2
20
1
,
0
-
1 0 -17
PbS
18
1
,
1
-
10
- ”
Galogenlar
SnS
—
1
,
0
-
10 -28
AgCl
25
1,6
-
10
-'°
Sb
2
S,
—
4 , 0 -IO
"29
AgBr
25
1
о
t-T
ZnS
25
1,2
• IO
-23
AgJ
25
1,5-10
- ' 6
Karbonatlar
PbCl
2
25
2 , 4 - 10
“4
Ag
2
C 0
3
25
6
,
2
- IO
-12
PbJ
2
25
O'»
1
О
oo
BaC0
3
25
8,1
-IO
"9
CaCOj
25
4,8 • IO
-9
Oksalatlar
SrC0
3
25
1
,
6
- i o - 9
Ag
2
C
2
0
4
25
1
,
1
-
10
-"
M g C 0
3
25
1
,
0
- i o - 5
BaC
2
0
4
25
1,2
• IO
-7
Sulfatlar
CaC
2
0
4
25
2
,
6
-
1 0 -8
Ag
2
S 0
4
25
7,7 • IO
-5
MgC
2
0
4
25
8
,
6
-
10-5
B aS0
4
25
1,1
-
1 0
'°
SrC
2
0
4
18
5,6 - 10 s
C a S 0
4
25
6,1
- IO
5
Xromatlar
P b S 0
4
25
2,2
• IO
-8
Ag
2
Cr0
4
25
9 , 0 - 10
- ' 2
SrS0
4
25
2
,
8
-IO
- 7
BaCr0
4
25
2,4-10-'"
99
7-jadvalning davomi
Fosfatlar
CaCr0
4
25
2,3 • 10-2
Ag
3
P 0
4
20
1
,
8
-
1 0 18
PbCrO,
25
1
,
8
-
1 0 -'4
Ca
3
( P 0
4)2
18
3,5-10-»
SrCr0
4
25
3 ,6 -10-5
C aH P0
4
25
6
,
0
- i o - 8
M g N H P 0
4
25
2 , 5 - 10-'3
A D A BIY OTLAR
1.
О.Л. Воробьева, К.М. Д унаева, Е.А. Ипполитова,
Н.С. Там.
Практикум по неорганической химии. М., изд.
МГУ, 1984.
2. Е. Qodirov, A. Muftaxov, Sh. Norov.
Anorganik kimyodan
amaliy mashg‘ulotlar. Toshkent. « 0 ‘zbekiston», 1996-y.
3.
Н.С. Ахметов, М.К. Азизова, Л.И. Бадигина.
Лабо
раторные и семинарные занятия по неорганической хй-
мии. М., «Высшая школа», 1979.
4.
З.Е. Еолбрайх.
Практикум по неорганической хи
мии. М., «Высшая школа», 1986.
5.
М.М. Abramov, R.N. Nosirova, E.L. Lutfullayev.
Anor
ganik kimyodan metodik tavsiyalar. I va II qism, Samarqand,
SamGU, 1982-1983-yy.
M UNDARIJA
SO‘Z B O S H I ............................................................................................. 3
LABORATORIYA MASHG'ULOTLARINI BAJARfSH
T E X N IK A SI..................................................................................... 4
LABORATORIYADA BIRINCHI YORDAM
KO‘RSATISH CHORALARI.............................................................
6
MODDALARNI TOZALASH USU LLA R I....................................
8
M O DDALARNING FIZIK KONSTANTALARINI
A N I Q L A S H ............................................................................................ 14
ERITMALAR......................... ................................................................ 22
ELEKTROLITIK DISSOTSILANISH............................................26
T U Z L A R N IN G G I D R O L I Z I ..........................................................30
KIMYOVIY REAKSIYA TEZLIGI.
KIMYOVIY M U V O Z A N A T ............................................................. 32
OKSIDLANISH-QAYTARILISH REAKSIYALARI................. 36
METALLMASLARNING XOSSALARI....................................... 38
M ETALLARNING X O S S A L A R I...................................................69
RATIONLARNI ANALIZ QILISH U S U L L A R I...................... 76
IL O V A L A R ............................................................................................. 83
ADABIYO TLAR................................................................................. 101
E.L. Lutfullayev, Z.N. Normurodov, A.T. Berdiyev
KIMYODAN LABORATORIYA MASHG‘ULOTLARI
Oliy o'quv yurtlari talabalari
uchun o‘quv q o ‘llanma
Badiiy muharrir
M. K u dryash ova
Texn. muharrir
T. X aritonova
Musahhih
Sh. O ripova
Kompyuterda sahifalovchi
F. Tugusheva
Bosishga ruxsat etildi 20.02.2006. Bichimi 8 4 x l 0 8 7
31
•
Ofset bosma usulida bosildi. Shartli b.t. 5,46. Nashr tabog‘i 4,70.
1000 nusxa. Buyurtma № K-173. Bahosi shartnoma asosida.
0
‘zbekiston Matbuot va axborot agentligining
«
0
‘zbekiston» nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyida bosildi.
700129, Toshkent, Navoiy ko‘chasi, 30.
Lutfullayev E.L. va b.
K im yodan laboratoriya mashg‘ulotlari: Kimyo
JT24 mutaxassisligidan boshqa yo‘nalishda ta ‘lim oluvchi
bakalavriat ta ‘lim yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun o ‘quv
q o 'lla n m a / E.L. Lutfullayev, Z .N . N o rm u ro d o v ,
A.E. Berdiyev. — Т.: « 0 ‘zbekiston» N M IU . 2006 —
104 b.
Б Б К 24.1я73
ISBN 5-640-02041-5
1703000000 - 140
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—
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