E. A. Abdalina, R. J. Hoshimova

International words: (Baynalminal so’zlar)

Ingliz tiliga boshqa tillardan juda ko’p so’zlar kirib kelgan, ular juda osonlikcha tarjima qilinadi va baynalminal so’zlar deyiladi. Masalan: revolution – revolutsiya, atom – atom, geometry – geometriya, medicine – tibbiyot va boshqalar.

Lekin bir toifa shunday so’zlar borki, ular tarjima uchun “qiyin so’zlar” deyiladi: accurate – aniq, control – boshqarmoq, magazine – oynoma, conductor – dirijyor va boshqalar.

II. Quyidagi so’zlarni lug’atsiz tarjima qiling:

Signal, temperature, theorem, cylinder, vibration, electricity, reactor, material, horizontal, vertical, mass, class, proton, voltage, form, element, motor, battery, transformation, method, control, control, radio, physics, experiment, plan, detail, technical, text, mechanism, magnetic, effect, problem, energy, technology, parameter, practical.

Grammatika

The Perfect Tenses in the Passive Voice.
The Perfect Tenses in the Passive Voice hozirgi, o’tgan va kelasi tugallangan zamon majhul nisbatda to be ko’makchi fe’lining keakli zamon perfect shakliga asosiy fe’lning sifatdosh II shaklini qo’shish bilan yasaladi. Masalan:

The text has been translated. Matn tarjima qilindi.

The text had been translated Matn soat 6 da tarjima qilinib
by 6 o’clock. bo’lgan edi.
The text will have been translated Matn soat 6 gacha tarjima
By 6 o’clock. qilinib bo’ladi.

Present, Past, Future Perfect zamonning majhul nisbatdagi shakli:

Present	have, has	been	Participle II
Past	had
Future	will have

Tugallangan zamon majhul nisbat ishlatilgan gapning so’roq shakli to have ni egadan oldinga qo’yish bilan yasaladi. Bo’lishsiz gapda esa to have ko’makchi fe’lidan keyin not yuklamasi ishlatiladi. Masalan: Has the text been translated? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. The text has not been translated. Had the article been published? Yes, it had. No, it hadn’t. The article had not been published. Will the plan have beed discussed? Yes, it will. No, it won’t. The plan will not been discussed.