E. A. Abdalina, R. J. Hoshimova

LESSON 12

Let’s Speak English So`z yasash: Conversion (konversiya) Grammatika: The Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice (Noaniq zamonlar majhul nisbatda) Matn ustida ishlash: Text A. The University of Cambridge Text B. The British Museum Libraries

EXERCISES, GRAMMAR NOTES, TEXTS


LET’S SPEAK ENGLISH

1. Dialogni to’g’ri ohang bilan o’qing:

You are `sitting at the Іtable. You are `holding a Іbook in your Іhand. The Іbook is Іopen. You are `looking at the Іbook. You are `listening to the Іrecord. You are `hearing my Іvoice. You are `learning to Іspeak, to underІstand, to Іread and to `write `English. I am `speaking `slowly. `When I Іspeak `slowly you under`stand me. When I speak `quickly you Іdon’t underІstand me.

So’z yasash: Conversion

Bir so’z turkumidan ikkinchi bir so’z turkumini so’z yasovchi qo’shimchalarsiz yasash konversiya deyiladi. Masalan: to run v. – chopmoq, run n. – chopish, to workv. – ishlamoq, work n. – ish. Ba’zi paytda sifatdan fe’l yasaladi. Masalan: wrong adj. – noto’g’ri, to wrong v. – noto’g’ri bo’lmoq.

So’zdagi urg’u o’zgarishi bilan ham so’zning ma’nosi o’zgaradi. Masalan: spresent n. – sovg’a, to pre`sent v. – sovg’a qilmoq; contract n. – kontrakt, to con`tract v. – qisqiartirmoq.

II. Quyidagi so’zlardan fe’l yasang va ularni o’zbek tiliga tarjima qiling:

Land, machine, power, travel, hope, face, play, dress, want, joke, wire, state, master, plan, design, mind, device, steam, head, table,weapon.

Grammatika

The Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice

Ingliz tilida huddi o’zbek tilidagidek ikkita nisbat bor: (Active Voice) aniq nisbat va (Passive Voice) majhul nisbat. Aniq nisbatda ish-harakat ega tomonidan bajariladi, to’ldiruvchi esa harakatning ob’yekti hisoblanadi.

The Passive Voice da harakat to’ldiruvchi anglatgan predmet tomonidan bajarilib, egaga o’tadi yoki harakat bajaruvchisi nomalum bo’ladi. Agar ish-harakatni bajaruvchi shahs ot yoki olmoshorqali ifodalangan bo’lsa, uning oldidan by predlogi qo’yiladi. Ish-harakat biror predmet vositasida bajarilsa, predmet oldidan with predlogi ishlatiladi. Bu predloglar o’zbek tiliga by – tomonidan, with – bilan deb tarjima qilinadi.
Majhul nisbat to be ko’makchi fe’lining tegishli zamon (am, is, are – hozirgi; was, were – o’tgan; shall be, will be – kelasi) hamda asosiy fe’lning uchinchi formasi yoki o’tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle) bilan yasaladi.

To be Q Past Participle (Participle II)