E. A. Abdalina, R. J. Hoshimova

VII. Qo`yidagi ajratilgan so`zlar qaysi so`z turkumiga mansubligini ayting va tarjima qiling:
1. Research work is an integral part of education.
2. In research institutes junior researches work under the guidance of professors.
3. Our department has a five-year research plan.
4. To research means to discover.
5. He has profound theoretical knowledge in the field of study.
6. This course of study embraces many fields.
7. At the University students study different subjects.
VIII. Lug`atdan ushbu fe’llarning tarjimasini toping va ularni turttala shaklini ayting:
to need, to appear, to derive, to write, to have, to found, to discover, to complete, to occur, to compute, to add, to invent, to print, to contain, to lead, to replace.
IX. Quyidagi so`z birikmalari va iboralarni tarjima qiling:
the earliest device, the very word "calculate", to do addition and subtraction, distribution, replace, calculating power, very largely, on the relay principle.
X. Qavs ichidagi mos so`zlarni tanlab gaplarni to`ldiring:

1. 
   The earliest device for earring out the ordinary (actions, manipulations, operations) of arithmetic is abacus.
   
2. 
   The first computing machine that might be called the (model, picture, prototype) of those in use to day was invented by B. Pascal in 1642.
   
3. 
   Leibnitz (made up, designed, invented) a computing machine in 1671 and (finished, completed, ended) it in 1664.
   
4. 
   The introduction of logarithms completely (changed, altered, revolutionized) the computation.
   
5. 
   The cards contained holes and (by means of, with the help of) electromagnetic relays their distribution was activated by contacts through the holes.
   

XI. Ikkitadan bo`lib ishlab savollarga javob bering:

1. 
   What does the word "calculus" mean?
   
2. 
   Where did the word "calculus" come from?
   
3. 
   What needs did the early peoples find for calculation?
   
4. 
   When was the first calculating device invented?
   
5. 
   What operations can be carried out with the help of calculator?
   
6. 
   Leibnitz was the inventor of calculating machine, wasn't he?