E. A. Abdalina, R. J. Hoshimova

LESSON 15.

Let’s Speak English Grammatika: The Sequence of Tenses (Zamonlar moslashuvi) Direct and Indirect speech (Ko’chirma va o’zlashtirma gaplar) Matn ustida ishlash: Text A. Before the symposium Text B. Conversation practice (possible variations)

EXERCISES, GRAMMAR NOTES, TEXTS


LET’S SPEAK ENGLISH

`Is there a Іbookcase in your Іsitting-room? ІYes, there Іis.

`Are there any books in it? ІYes, quite a lot.
`How Іmany are there? I `don’t know. I `haven’t counted them. And `where’s the Іwindow in the room? On the `left of the Іpiano.
`What is there `under the Іwindow? A Іradiator. `Can’t you Іsee it?
ІNo, I Іcan’t. `Why `not? Because it’s behind the Іsofa.


II. So’zlarni o’zagini aniqlang va tarjima qiling:

Londoner, allowance, unpleasant, determination, constructor, distance, rearrange, generally, discovery, movement, specialist, special, readiness, useful, equalize, density, classify, advantageous, motionless.

Grammtika


The Sequence of Tenses
Ingliz tilida ergash gapning kesimi bosh gapning kesimiga bogliq bo’ladi.
Agar bosh gapning kesimi hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonda kelsa, ergash gapning kesimi istalgan zamonda ishlatilishi mumkin.
Masalan:

He knows (will know) that	you are busy	U sizning bandligingizni biladi.
	you were busy	U sizning band bo’lganingizni biladi.
	you will be busy	U sizning band bo’lishingizni biladi.

Agar bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda kelsa, ergash gapning kesimi albatta o’tgan zamonning birida keladi va zamonlar moslashuvi qoidasiga amal qiladi:
1. Agar ergash gapdagi ish-harakat bosh gapdagi ish harakat bilan bir paytda sodir bo’lsa,ergash gapning kesimi Past Indefinite (Past Continuous) da ishlatiladi va o’zbek tilida hozirgi zamon shkli bilan tarjima qilinadi:
She said that she worked at the factory.
U o’zining zavodda ishlashini aytdi.
2. Agar ergash gapdagi ish-harakat bosh gapdagi ish-harakatdan keyin sodir bo’ladigan bo’lsa, ergash gapning kesimi Fututre-in-the-Past ishlatiladi. Unda 1-shahs uchun yordamchi fe’l should, qolgan shahslar uchun would va fe’lning infinitiv shakli to yuklamasisiz ishlatiladi.
He said that he would work at the factory.
U o’zining zavodda ishlamoqchiligini aytdi.