Bukhara is my lovely town. I was born in Bukhara. It is my native town. Bukhara is one
old one. In the new part there are many new buildings and modern shops. Here also situated
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the University, Technological and medical institute, plants, factories, colleges. The old part
of our town is the museum in the open air. All ancient monuments are situated here.
Over thousand years the Samanid's mausoleum keeps amazing the people with its
beauty, perfect harmony and genius design. The architectural complexes Poi-Kalyan, Lyabi-
Haus, Gaukushon and others are the best examples of medieval architects' creations. In
Bukhara itself many monuments of dwelling architecture, palaces, bathhouses and trade
facilities have been preserved. Special enchantments contain the architectural complexes
outside the city - Bahavuddin, Chor-Bakr, Toshmachit and others. In the monuments
preserved, the specific features of local unique architectural school are clearly seen, which
testify of an outstanding mastership of Bukhara’s architects. Bukhara was known as
Bokhara
in 19th- and early 20th-century English publications and as
Buhe/Puhe
in Tang
Chinese. Bukhara has many names. One of its names was Numijkat. It has also been called
"Bumiskat". It has 2 names in Arabic. One is "Madinat al Sufriya" meaning - "the copper
city" and another is "Madinat Al Tujjar" meaning - "The city of Merchants". But, the name
Bukhara is more known than all the other names. In Khorasan, there is no other city with so
many names. The modern Uzbek spelling is
Buxoro
[1. С. 142].
The history of Bukhara stretches back millennia. It is now the capital of Bukhara Region
(viloyat) of Uzbekistan. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade,
scholarship, culture, and religion. During the golden age of the Samanids, Bukhara became a
major intellectual center of the Islamic world, second only to Baghdad. The historic center
of Bukhara, which contains numerous mosques and madrassas, has been listed by UNESCO
as one of the World Heritage Sites.
Bukhara has been one of the main centres of world civilisation from its early days in 6th
century BCE. Bukhara was the last capital of the Emirate of Bukhara and was besieged by
the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
Bukhara is located on the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River, in the area of ancient
agricultural zone. The exact time of occurrence of the city is unknown.
The climate of Bukhara is tropical, continental: summers are hot and winters are
relatively warm.
Until 1920, the territory of the Old Town was surrounded by a fortified wall (Kampir
Devol), with 12 gates, built in the 16th century. Wall to some extent, protected the city from
attacks. More than 200 architectural monuments from the 10th century to the early 20th
century are located in the territory of Old Town. Most of the Old Town is closed for traffic and
represents a medieval eastern city with mosques, trade domes, covered bazaar, madrassah and
majestic minarets. The city is almost not changed its appearance from the 16th century.
Historical buildings of Bukhara are under the protection of the government, monuments have
been carefully restored. The architecture of the new center tactfully placed outside the
medieval town, as if making up a dialogue between two eras. Today, newly colored domes of
the Bukhara shine bright and becoming more beautiful and attractive [2. С. 33].
Bukhara is the city mostly known for light and food industries, traditional gold
embroidery and weaving. Products of local masters - gold embroidered skullcaps, art panels,
handbags and shoes are known far beyond the country. The city’s economy is based on a
number of food and light industrial undertakings, including a large works processing
Karakul lambs’ fleece. Bukhara’s importance has grown also because it is the largest city in
a natural gas region. Tourism contributes to the local economy. The city is the seat of
Bukhara State University (founded 1930); there are also medical and light industry institutes
there. Cultural amenities include a theatre and a museum. The end of the 11
th
c. Bukhara
became a vassal of Russia; the continual interference of Tsarist Russia in the domestic and
foreign affairs of the Bukhara Khanate resulted in the complete dominion of Tsarist Russia
over the Khanate.
Reign of the last emirs of Bukhara Khanate:
1885 - 1910 the Emir Said Abdullakhid.
1910 - 1920 the Emir Said Mir-Alimhan.
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From 1924 Bukhara was a part of Soviet Uzbekistan. Present day Bukhara is a historical
and archeological museum under the open sky. Bukhara is approaching the age of 2500.
A lot of tourists come to our town to see our famous Ulugbeks madrasah, minaret
Kalyan, Nodir devonbegi madrasah, Mohi Hossa, Ismoil Samoniy and others.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: