Disorders of metabolic activity of intestinal microflora in young children

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"Экономика и социум" №1(92) 2022 www.iupr.ru
Relevance. 
Intestinal microflora is considered today as the most 
important factor that significantly affects the parameters of human health [1,6]. 
At the present stage, a number of proofs have already been obtained about the 
connection of microbiocenosis with the development of allergic diseases, 
pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, including 
atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, oncopathology, autoimmune diseases, 
and these issues continue to be intensively studied [2,7]. Such a significant 
effect of the microbiota on the human body is due to its huge metabolic 
potential, realized mainly due to the mucosal flora colonizing the parietal zone 
of the intestinal mucosa. 
The latter, according to various authors, accounts for a much larger 
proportion of the relatively clear flora and is directly related to the formation of 
biofilm [1,3]. The adhered colonies of microorganisms on the intestinal wall 
form a microbial-tissue complex, including microcolonies of bacteria, 
metabolites produced by them, mucin, glycocalyx, epithelial cells and mucosal 
stroma cells, within which there is a constant exchange of genetic material, 
signaling and regulatory molecules, metabolites [1]. 
One of the most significant low-molecular metabolites are short-chain 
fatty acids (FFA) (acetic, propionic, butyric, etc.), which affect the adhesion of 
pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora, the parameters of local 
immunity, the processes of proliferation and differentiation of colonocytes, 
participate in the regulation of ion exchange, microcirculation, mucus secretion, 
fill the energy needs of the epithelium, reflect various processes occurring in the 
large intestine [ 1, 3, 4]. 
Evaluation of the spectrum of short-chain fatty acids is an integral 
indicator of the state of the intestinal microbiome, since bacteriological fecal 
culture gives an idea to a greater extent about the lumen flora of the large 
intestine [1, 4, 5]. With the combined influence of various adverse 
environmental factors (ecology, operative delivery, separation from the mother, 

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