Discourse Analysis and Vocabulary

Modal Verbs

• Means of Making Modality in English

• Modal Verbs
• Adjectivals
• Participials
• Nominal Modal Expressions (be able to, be going to… )
• Modal-like Adjectives (necessary, probable, certain, advisable… )
• Modal-like Adverbs (necessarily, probably, certainly, perhaps, maybe… )
• Parentheticals (I think, I believe, I’m sure… )

He left at once. (declarative)

• Examples of Modal Application

• He left at once. (declarative)
• Leave at once! (imperative)
• He can’t have left. (epistemic)
• You can’t h leave now. (deontic)
• You must leave. (obligation)
• You can leave if you like. (permission)
• He has apparently left. (alethic)

I suppose it’s possible the cat just may have sat on the mat.

• Comparison of Neutral and Modalized Sentences

• I suppose it’s possible the cat just may have sat on the mat.
• The cat sat on the mat.

The difference plays a part in the expression of politeness.

• Difference between Modal Auxiliaries and Modal Expressions

• The difference plays a part in the expression of politeness.
• Modal Auxiliaries:
•  either inherently subjective or objective
• You must wear evening dress to the reception.
• Modal Expressions:
•  predominantly inherently objective
• You have to wear evening dress to the reception.

Stop Writing.

• Relative Politeness and the Number of Modal Expressions

• Stop Writing.
• It is necessary for you to stop writing.
• It may be necessary for you to stop writing
• It may possibly be necessary for you to stop writing.
• I imagine it may possibly be necessary for you to stop writing.
• I would imagine it may possibly be necessary for you to stop writing.

• INDIRECTNESS LESS POLITE
• MORE POLITE

TIPS FOR THE TEACHING OF SUBJUNTIVE MOOD

• APPENDIX: MODALITY AND SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN ENGLISH (1)

• TIPS FOR THE TEACHING OF SUBJUNTIVE MOOD
• (1)
• (2)
• (3) Were

• THE END

• Thank you for your attention.
• Your comment will be highly appreciated.