Dictionary of islamic architecture

See also:
Ottomans, Selimiye, Süleymaniye
Further reading:
Ahmet Refik, 
Mimar Sinan,
Istanbul 1931.
A.Gabriel, ‘Le maître-architecte Sinan’, in 
La Turquie
Kemaliste
16, Ankara 1936. G.Goodwin , 
A History of
Ottoman Architecture,
London 1971.
—— 
Sinan,
London 1992.
A.Güler, J.Freely and A.R.Burrelli, 
Sinan: Architect of
Süleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Golden Age,
London 1992.
A.Kuran, M.Niksarli and A.Güler, 
Sinan: The Grand Old
Master of Ottoman Architecture,
Istanbul 1987.
A.Petruccioli (ed.), 
Mimar Sinan: The Urban Vision
(Journal
of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre),
Rome 1988.
A.Stratton, 
Sinan,
London 1972.
Singapore
City-state on southern tip of the Malay peninsular with a
mixed population of Malays, Chinese and Indians, as well
as a small Arab minority.
The earliest mosques in Singapore were built of
wood and thatch; during the nineteenth century
these were replaced with brick structures. The most
Singapore

---

261
important mosque in Singapore is known as the
Sultan Mosque and was originally built between 1823
and 1824 with a grant of $3,000 from the British East
India Company. The original mosque was
demolished in the 1920s to make way for the present
structure built by the British firm Swan and Maclaren
in 1928. The building has two large onion-shaped
domes, a polygonal minaret and crenellations to
enliven the façade. Either side of the prayer hall are
separate areas for women.
The oldest surviving mosque in Singapore is the
Jamae Mosque, which was built on the site of an
earlier structure between 1826 and 1835. Its main
feature is the façade, which is flanked by two square
towers. Each tower is divided into seven mini-
storeys linked by decorative crenellations in the form
of a mini-gateway. Of similar design is the Nagore
Durgha shrine built between 1828 and 1830 which
also has two miniature towers either side of a
miniaturized entrance façade located on top of the
real entrance. It seems likely that these mosque
façades may derive from the Char Minar in
Hyderabad, south India. A simpler design is
represented by the Tamil al Abrar Mosque built in
the 1850s where the entrance is flanked by two
pillars. Other early mosques include the Abdul
Gafoor Mosque (1850s) and the Hajjah Fatimah
Mosque (1930) both of which combine European
(British) elements with Indian design.