Date: name: abdikalikova nilufar score : Task 1

Task 2. Given below table indicates the final exam scores of students. Find mean, mode or median, range and SD (12POINTS)

	Score
Aziza	56
Jorabek	88
Sora	67
Sofia	67
Muborak	69
Jahongir	65
Aziz	69
Maftuna	69
Lobar	70
Sanobar	74
Laziz	72
Arman	73

Mean : 56+65+67+67+69+69+69+70+72+73+74+88=839
839 ÷ 12 = 69,916…
The mean is 69,916…
ΣΧ
Χ = −−−−−
Ν


Mode :56, 65, 67, 67,69, 69, 69,70, 72, 73, 74, 88
The mode is 69 because it appears the most.


Median :56, 65, 67, 67, 69,69, 69,70, 72, 73, 74, 88
These two 69 are the medians because they appear in the middle.


Range :56,65, 67, 67, 69, 69, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74,88
88 – 56 =32
The range is 32.

Σ ( Χ − Χ ) ²
SD =


	Score	Mean	Difference	Difference squared
Aziza	56	-70	-14	196
Jorabek	88	-70	18	324
Sora	67	-70	-3	9
Sofia	67	-70	-3	9
Muborak	69	-70	-1	1
Jahongir	65	-70	-5	25
Aziz	69	-70	-1	1
Maftuna	69	-70	-1	1
Lobar	70	-70	0	0
Sanobar	74	-70	4	16
Laziz	72	-70	2	4
Arman	73	-70	3	9

͟
Σ (Χ − X ) ² 595
S D = = = 49,583 = 7,041
N 12
SD = 7,041


Task 3. Read the question below and write the answers coming from your research writing classes.(15 p)

1. 
   What makes a good summary?
   

A summary is a record in a reader's own words that gives the main points of a piece of writing such as a newspaper article, the chapter of a book, or even a whole book. It is also possible to summarize something that you have heard, such as a lecture, or something that you have seen and heard, such as a movie. A summary omits details, and does not include the reader's interpretation of the original.
What is a good summary?
1. A good summary should give an objective outline of the whole piece of writing. It should answer basic questions about the original text such as "Who did what, where, and when?", or "What is the main idea of the text?", "What are the main supporting points?", "What are the major pieces of evidence?". It should not be a paraphrase of the whole text using your own words. A reference should be made to the original piece either in the title ("A Summary of..."), in the first sentence, or in a footnote or endnote.
2. You should not give your own ideas or criticisms as part of the summary. However, if you want to comment on a piece of writing it is usual to begin by summarizing it as objectively as possible.
3. A good summary should not include selected examples, details, or information which are not relevant to the piece of writing taken as a whole.
4. A good summary of an essay should probably include the main idea of each paragraph, and the main evidence supporting that idea, unless it is not relevant to the article or essay as a whole. A summary does not need a conclusion, but if the original ends with a message to the reader this should not be left out. (A good summary of a chapter should probably include the main idea of each group of paragraphs or each section; a good summary of a book should probably include the main idea of each chapter, or perhaps the main idea of each section of each chapter.)
5. A good summary may use key words from the original text but should not contain whole phrases or sentences from the original unless quotation marks are used. Quotations should only be made if there is a reason for using the original words, for example because the choice of words is significant, or because the original is so well expressed.
6. Rearranging the words used in the original, or keeping the same structure but just substituting different words is not enough. You must express the sense of the original using your own words and structures.

2. 
   What typical techniques of Paraphrasing are there?
   

Here are some techniques to use when paraphrasing.
Remember that these techniques should only be used once you have ensured you fully understood the text; do not try to paraphrase a text you have not understood.
1. Using synonyms (words that mean the same)
Here; “may” is replaced with “is likely to” and “put upward pressure on“ is replaced with “push up”.
Be careful when using synonyms. Many words have several meanings, depending on context, and you have to think about the synonym which expresses the right meaning for the particular context.
2. Changing the form of words
In the first paraphrase a verb has been replaced with a noun from the same word family. In the second an adjective has been replaced by a noun.
3. Changing the grammatical structure
Here one grammatical structure for making a comparison (“slower than”) has been replaced with another (“not as rapid as”).
4. Using several techniques
In this final example, you will notice that:
the order in which information is presented is different in the paraphrase
different word forms in the same word family have been used (effective regulation > regulated effectively) synonyms have been used (in the absence of competition > without competition).
Note that successful paraphrasing requires the use of multiple techniques each time. It is not sufficient to simply replace the keywords with synonyms and in fact this is a common mistake among students learning to paraphrase. Changing the structure of the sentence is also important to fit the sentence into your paragraph effectively.

3. 
   How many systems of referencing are there in use?
   

There is no universally adopted referencing system for academic writing. Most scholars and students employ one of the most popular systems currently in use in the UK and America, which include:
Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA),
The Harvard System (often called the 'Author Date System'),
Chicago System
Modern Language Association of America (MLA)
American Psychological Association (APA)

4. What is Plagiarism and what are the ways to avoid it?

Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement.
If we insert a source’s words into your writing, verbatim, one of the most simple yet obvious ways to avoid plagiarism is by using quotation marks around the text to denote that the words are not your own. A direct quote should also cite the source so that readers know who the quote is from

5. What is statement of intent?

A statement of intent outlines a provisional research area for your project that:
Highlights your areaof research interest
Describes the importance of this area of research and why you are the right person to undertake it
Identifies a potential supervisor[s] who you would like to work with on the project.
A statement of purpose [also called a letter of intent or a research statement] introduces your interests and experience to the admissions committee. For research-focused programs, like most PhDs and many master’s degrees, your statement of purpose will focus primarily on your past research experience and plans.