Data collection template and questionnaire

Schleswig-Holstein

DEF Schleswig-Holstein

GDP per head (2000)

DEF Schleswig-Holstein: 22.815 € ⁵³¹ (average of old Länder incl. Berlin: 26.426 € and excl. Berlin: 26.637 €)⁵³²

Germany⁵³³ 24.700 €

EU-15 = 100; DEF = 96,2⁵³⁴

GDP at current prices/in Million €

DEF Schleswig-Holstein: 63.478€ ⁵³⁵

Germany⁵³⁶: 2.030.000

EU-15⁵³⁷: 8.524.371
Employment rate (2000)

1.211.000 persons in gainful employment = 65,7% ⁵³⁸ (German average = 68,8%)

Unemployment rate (2002)

DEF Schleswig-Holstein 8,7 % ⁵³⁹ (German average: 9,8%; West 7,9%, East: 18,0%)

Technological standing (5 point scale): 3,5
Strengths⁵⁴⁰ [short description]

Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost German Federal state and the only one to border on both the North and the Baltic Sea. A population of 2.790.000 inhabits a surface area of 15.763 km². Schleswig-Holstein benefits from a beneficial location concerning world markets. The state has good access to western Europe, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe The state’s location offers optimum conditions for successful trade within the entire Baltic region, one of Europe's most important growth markets. As too its infrastructure the state, like all other coastal countries profits from a broad range of options. With a view to air travel, the state is depending on the Hamburg airport, even if there are also regional airports in Kiel-Holtenau and Lübeck's Blankensee (also some international flights) offering inner German flights. Moreover there are some smaller airports for private flights. Ports in Lübeck, Kiel, Brunsbüttel, Flensburg, Husum and Puttgarden offer access to the maritime transport and manage 40 mio. t per year.

Corporations engaged in environmental and power engineering, medical technology, electrical engineering and electronics, and biotechnology are rather active in Schleswig-Holstein. ICT has gained in importance as well, becoming a significant economic factor next to traditional sectors like shipbuilding and marine technology industries, food industry, health service and tourism.

The trade and commerce sector is very relevant. 15.5% of all employees were working in this sector in 2000. This is caused by the high number of trading companies, which have established business in the state. Nevertheless, the economic structure is characterised by a mixture of relevant sectors. In terms of employment the manufacturing sector (even if employment figure with 20% is below the German average) was the strongest in 1999 followed by the sector trade, repair and maintenance of vehicles and consumer goods (18.9%) and health, veterinary and social services (12.3%). Moreover, employment in the trade, repair and maintenance of vehicles and consumer goods sector as well as in the guest sector, in public administration and in the health, veterinary and social services is above the German average. Areas below the German average are real estate and rental of property and possessions.

With a view to the gross added value the service sector has become the strongest in 2000 surpassing the manufacturing sector. With 23.6% share the manufacturing sector and construction industry (German average of 30.1%) rank below the financing, renting and business services sector’s share of 31.6% (German average = 30.4%) followed by public and private services with 23.5% (German average 21.1%) and the trade, tourism and transport sector with 19% (German average 17.2%).

Looking at the processing industry of the state, mechanical engineering is the strongest sector (22.2% of processing industry). The food and tobacco sector is the second with 18.8% followed by the chemical industry (12.6%). The high-tech sectors (instrumentation and control, optics (11.8%); and printing and publishing (10.9%)) are above the German average. In terms of turnover of industrial sectors, the food and tobacco sector ranks first with 19.3% of the total Schleswig-Holstein industry turnover. It is followed by chemical industry (17.7%) and mechanical engineering (16%). Contrary to this the automotive industry is weaker represented than compared to the German average.

The tourism sector has also turned into an important economic area caused by the quality of the environment and sport opportunities (golf courses, marinas, swimming pools, horse riding opportunities, the Schleswig-Holstein music festival). Behind Mecklenburg-Vorpommern the state is the second most chosen holiday destinations in Germany.
Schleswig-Holstein hosts 22 technology centres, which support new developments in the high-tech sector and business start-ups in this area. Moreover, the multimedia campus in Kiel and Lübeck’s Media Docks (incl. business start-up centre, business park, media centre) provide for link between research and business in this branch. In view of the number of technology centres per head the state ranks second after Nordrhein-Westfalen. Moreover, 3 universities, 4 public institutes of higher education, 1 Max-Planck institute and 1 Fraunhofer installation are located here.

In 1999 the state held rank 11 in investment per employee in the processing industry.⁵⁴¹
Companies: Acer Computer GmbH, Danfoss Compressors GmbH, Ethicon GmbH & Co. KG, Motorola GmbH, Hydro Agri Brunsbüttel GmbH, MaK Motoren GmbH & Co. KG, Matsushita Communication Deutschland GmbH, Sysmex Europa GmbH,
Weaknesses [short description]: No special weaknesses
Evolution in last decade [short description]

Employment has been (slightly) growing (1992: 1.212.200, 2002:1.233.900) and the same holds true for the GDP/per capita (1992: 19.630 €, 2002: 23.362 €).⁵⁴²

The economic structure of the state changed from the predominance of agriculture and fishery to a modern technology location. Structural changes are also very evident in the manufacturing sector as high-technology-based sectors (medical technology) became growth sectors in the past years.

Agriculture used to be a strong sector of the state’s industry and supported the development and relevance of the food sector. Thus, agricultural industries, food and tobacco industries and also mechanical engineering (e.g. manufacturing machines for the food industry) developed stronger than in the rest of Germany. Additionally, the financing, renting and business services field and wind energy (with 1.500 wing energy parks largest in Germany) became important economic sector. The shipbuilding sector overcame structural crisis with the concentration of he construction of special vessels.

Further indicators

Public revenue and spending (€)⁵⁴³

	2002
Revenue	9.537.030.600
Spending	9.570.974.400

Employment (at workplace) per sector⁵⁴⁴

Agriculture: 2000: 44.000 2001: 44.000 2002: 44.000

Industry (without building and construction trade): 2000: 196.000 2001: 195.000 2002: 190.000

Building and construction trade: 2000: 84.000 2001: 80.000 2002: 75.000

Trade, tourism, transportation: 2000: 358.000 2001: 358.000 2002: 355.000

Public and private services:^545 2000: 559.000 2001: 565.000 2002: 569.000

Industrial Structure

Branches of processing industry

Branch	Employment figures
	2000^546	2001^547
Food and tobacco	19.557	19.235
Textile, clothing, leather	-	1.361
Timber	-	2.385
Paper, printing, publishing	15.564	11.326
Mineral oil processing industry	-	897
Chemical industry	13.128	13.255
Rubber and synthetic material	7.211	7.330
Glas, ceramic, working of stone and earth		5.859
Metal (production, working, ..)	10.000	10.420
Mechanical engineering	23.064	22.897
Production of equipment for the production of electricity, office machines, ICT techniques, optical equipment tv,…	-	23.071
Vehicle production	13.610	4.278

Research base

Employment in education, higher education and research⁵⁴⁸

2001/02

40.787

Public expenditure on science and research (€)⁵⁴⁹

2000	2.281.282.800

Students at universities⁵⁵⁰

Wintersemester	Total number of
1999/2000	41.405
2000/2001	41.387

Support infrastructure

Infrastructure (categories of streets)⁵⁵¹

Category	Motorway (Autobahn)	Road network	Total
Kilometres	485	9.402	9.887

Vehicles⁵⁵²

2003

1.870.492

Doctors and dentists (2000)⁵⁵³

Doctors	10.009
Dentists	2.161

Designation for principal domestic policy support instruments (5 point scale): 2,3

Territorial Policy	2,1
Public sector transfer	2
Employment policy	2,2
Technology policy	2,9

Schleswig-Holstein⁵⁵⁴

SH	Fiscal resources before SHES (in Mio. DM)	Divergence from national average (balance measurement) (= 100)	Contribution / assignment within SHES (in Mio. DM)	Fiscal resources after SHES (in Mio. DM)	Divergence from national average (balance measurement) (= 100)	Supplementary federal grants (in Mio. DM)						Fiscal resources after SHES and Gap-filling grants (in Mio. DM)	Divergence from national average (balance measurement) (= 100)
						Gap-filling grants	Compensations for special political costs	Compensations for special burdens (east Germany)	Transitional grants (west Germany)	Rehabilitational grants Bremen and Saarland	SFH total
1995	11.317	102.5	-141	11.175	101.2	0	164	0	227	0	391	11.175	101.2
1996	11.201	99.6	16	11.217	99.8	24	164	0	204	0	392	11.240	100.0
1997	11.293	100.6	-5	11.288	100.5	0	164	0	182	0	346	11.288	100.5
1998	11.890	100.2	0	11.890	100.2	0	164	0	159	0	323	11.890	100.2
1999*	12.024	96.3	174	12.198	97.7	261	164	0	136	0	561	12.459	99.8
2000*	11.932	92.8	358	12.291	95.6	513	164	0	114	0	791	12.804	99.6
2001	11.811	97.5	115	11.926	98.4	173	164	0	91	0	428	12.099	99.8

*) preliminary

Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of support from EU funds (7 point scale): 3,5

		2000-2006 (mio €)
				ERDF		ESF		EAGGF
		Total	EU contribution	EU contribution	%	EU contribution	%	EU contribution	%
Objective 2	Schleswig-Holstein	831.107	258.319	221.747	85.84%	36.572	14.16%	-	-

Impact on ex-ante divergence from national average of domestic policies (7 point scale): 3,4

Change in standing of region relative to national average in last five and ten years⁵⁵⁵

	1991	1996	2001
GDP/capita (€)	18.771	21.423	23.071
Population	2.635.800	2.732.400	2.795.900
Employment (persons)	1.205.200	1.203.700	1.244.000
Unemployment (persons)	80.524	113.083	116.149
Unemployment rate	7,3	10,0	9,4

	1995	1997	1999
R+D expenditure (mio €)^556	639	648	674

Estimated effect on regional circumstances of different domestic policies:

	Strongly positive	Slightly positive	Neutral	Slightly negative	Strongly negative
Territorial Policy			X
Public sector transfer			X
Employment policy			X
Technology policy			X