Dasturiy ta’minot qurilmasi va evolyusiyasi” fanidan nazorat savollari

Murakkab tizimni ishlab chiqish jarayonini aytib bering.

Complex systems development and construction projects, collectively referred to here as “complex systems” projects, have challenges that otherwise may not require as much attention in projects of smaller scale or complexity. When missteps occur on these projects that cause cost or time overruns, the impacts can be quite large because they are greatly magnified by the scale of the project. Because of the scale of the numbers involved, missteps on complex systems projects can impact the entire company, people's safety, and the environment. A structured, integrated approach utilizing systems engineering concepts can be a very effective way to mitigate the risks of this type of project.
Examples of complex systems include the following:

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  Airplanes
  
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  Spacecraft
  
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  Ships
  
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  Offshore drilling rigs
  
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  Automobiles
  
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  Computer chips
  
• 
  Manufacturing automation systems
  
• 
  Buildings
  
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  Bridges
  
• 
  Computer systems
  

47. 
    Dasturiy ta’minotni ishlab chiqishda dekompozitsiyaning rolini tushuntirib bering.
    

Decomposition is one of the four cornerstones of Computer Science. It involves breaking down a complex problem or system into smaller parts that are more manageable and easier to understand. The smaller parts can then be examined and solved, or designed individually, as they are simpler to work with.
If a problem is not decomposed, it is much harder to solve. Dealing with many different stages all at once is much more difficult than breaking a problem down into a number of smaller problems and solving each one, one at a time. Breaking the problem down into smaller parts means that each smaller problem can be examined in more detail.

48.