Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism

1. 
Treat cyberspace as an operational domain to organize, train, and equip so that 
DoD can take full advantage of cyberspace’s potential
2. 
Employ new defense operating concepts to protect DoD networks and systems
3. 
Partner with other U.S. government departments and agencies and the private 
sector to enable a whole-of-government cybersecurity strategy
4. 
Build robust relationships with U.S. allies and international partners to 
strengthen collective cybersecurity
5. 
Leverage the nation’s ingenuity through an exceptional cyber workforce and 
rapid technological innovation

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CHAPTER 9
Understanding the situational awareness in cybercrimes
The 
UKs Cyber Security Strategy (2011)
 consists of four main objectives:
• Tackling cyber-crime and making the UK one of the most secure places in the 
world to do business in cyberspace.
• Making the UK more resilient to cyber-attack and better able to protect our 
interests in cyberspace.
• Helping to shape an open, vibrant and stable cyberspace which the UK public 
can use safely and that supports open societies.
• Building the UKs cross-cutting knowledge, skills and capability to underpin all 
our cyber security objectives.
The UK strategy involves focusing on individuals and businesses. The UK strategy 
admits that the threats are changing but details the following as being current threats 
in cyberspace:
• Criminals (fraud/identity theft)
• Other States (espionage/propaganda)
• Terrorists (propaganda/radicalize potential supporters/communicate/plan)
• Hacktivists (disruption/reputation management/financial damage/gaining 
publicity)
The UK strategy also highlights the difficulty in targeting the perpetrators of cy-
bercrimes: “But with the borderless and anonymous nature of the internet, precise 
attribution is often difficult and the distinction between adversaries is increasingly 
blurred” (2011, p. 16).
The EU Cybersecurity-Strategy of the Europe Union: An Open, Safe and Secure 
Cyberspace (2013)
understandably considers the concerns of a number of countries 
as opposed to one, and therefore stresses the borderless multi-layered nature of the 
internet. It has five key strategic priorities:
• Achieving cyber resilience
• Drastically reducing cybercrime
• Developing cyberdefence policy and capabilities related to the Common 
Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
• Develop the industrial and technological resources for cybersecurity
• Establish a coherent international cyberspace policy for the European Union and 
promote core EU values.
The different strategies highlight a need for a strong global network of shared in-
telligence and communication about cybercrimes. The networks are not only the 
responsibility of governments and experts but also industry and the wider society. 
Strong partnerships, along with shared knowledge and information could strengthen 
the plight against cybercrime and attacks which cost the global economy billions 
each year (
McAfee, 2013
).
There are three different strategies for managing cybercrime presented above; 
however there are many more initiatives globally (for example see 
Australia's 2009
 
or see 
Canada's 2010
 strategy). To create a strategy which extends across many 

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