Cutting- edge science

Used literature.
1.Kimsanbayev X.X., Murodov B.E., Ortikov U.D., Sulaymonov O.A., Yakhyoyev
J.N. Bioecology, crystal pharmaceutical support and efficiency of california scale //
International Journal of Research. With impact factor 5.60. - 2019. - ¹ 6. - P. 142-148.
2.Murodov B.E., Ortikov U.D., Yakhyoyev J.N. Bioecology of california scale
(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst) in Uzbekistan / Proceedings of International
Multidisci plinary Scientific Conference on Innovative Technology. Organized by Novateur
Publications, India. May 25th, - 2020. - P. 104-107.
3.Murodov B.E., Ortikov U.D., Yakhyoyev J.N. Coccides in apple orchards and
control measures / Scientific researches for development future, International Conference,
New York, USA, - 2019. - P. 67-69.
4.Ìóðîäîâ Á.Ý., Ìàøàðèïîâ Ó.À., ßõ¸åâ Æ.Í. Êàëèôîðíèéñêàÿ ùèòîâêà -
Quadraspidiotu sperniciosus Comst // Îáðàçîâàíèå è íàóêà â Ðîññèè è çà çàðóáåæîì.
- 2017. - ¹ 1 (30). -Ñ. 21-23.
5.Ìóðîäîâ Á.Ý., Ñóëàéìîíîâ Î.À., ßõ¸åâ Æ.Í. Êàëèôîðíèéñêàÿ ùèòîâêà íà
ÿáëîíå // Îáðàçîâàíèå è íàóêà â Ðîññèè è çà çàðóáåæîì. - 2018. - ¹ 12 (47). - Ñ.
118-122.

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August | 2020
CUTTING- EDGE SCIENCE
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
THE STUDY OBJECT OF PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTORY OF
DEVELOPMENT
Abdullayeva Marjona Oybek qizi
student of National University of Uzbekistan
Choriqulov Raximjon Rashidjon o'g'li
student of Bukhara State University
Mamurova Maftuna Otabek qizi
student of Bukhara State University
Abstract. Like all sciences, physiology has its own history of development and object of
study. Physiology serves as the theoretical basis for a number of disciplines, such as
psychology, medicine, and veterinary medicine. This article discusses the object of study
and the history of the development of physiology.
Keywords: physiology, biochemistry, object of study, anatomy, cytology, histology, animals,
plants.
Physiology is the study of organisms and their parts, systems, organs, tissues, and
vital functions. According to the object of study, it is divided into human, animal and
plant physiology. Physiology is inextricably linked with anatomy, cytology, histology,
and especially biochemistry and biophysics; it uses chemical and physical methods and
concepts to explain physiological processes. Physiology is the theoretical basis of
psychology, medicine and veterinary sciences. Physiology is divided into general, specific,
and specific physiology. General Physiology studies the basic laws of the activity of all
living matter, its response to the external environment, and the properties of living
things that distinguish them from non-living nature. Comparative Physiology is the study
of the physiological functions of animals through phylogenetic and specific development.
Physiology is an experimental science. Physiological studies can be performed using
acute (vivisection, dissection, perfusion methods) or chronic experiments (conditioned
reflex methods, fistula placement, transplantation, electrode insertion, and other methods).
Beginning in the 19th century, discoveries in physics, chemistry, and general biology
led to a detailed study of the function of organisms. In the 19th century, the study of the
mechanism of reflex activity of the brain was founded: in this regard, the work of I.M
Sechenov in the field of studying the nature of central braking was of great importance;
evidence of sensory and permeability functions of the cerebral cortex of the cerebral
hemispheres; the doctrines of hearing and sight were created; nerve regulation of respiratory
and cardiovascular activity was detected; reveals the enzymatic mechanisms of digestive
activity, their neural and humoral pathways; endocrine glands were discovered and the
role of hormones in the regulation of physiological functions was revealed; the transport
and protective function of blood is shown; Concepts about the stability of the internal
environment of the organism and its mechanisms were formed. In the 20th century, the
use of electronic amplifiers, cathode oscilloscopes, electron microscopes, and so on in
physiological experiments expanded the possibilities for studying physiological functions.
As a result, it is possible to directly study the processes that take place in the cell and
form the basis of all the functions of the organism. In particular, the cellular mechanism
of reception of external stimuli, the origin and propagation of nerve impulses, the
nature of synaptic conduction and inhibition; muscle contraction and secretion mechanisms

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