CUTTING- EDGE SCIENCE
August | 2020
THE DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES
Sabirov E.E., Husanov R.A.
Tashkent Medical Academy
Relevance. Recently, in the treatment of diseases of the teeth, periodontal and oral mucosa in patients
suffering from various diseases of the internal organs, inevitable difficulties arise [1,2].
The increasing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases largely reflects the negative
phenomena in the medical and demographic situation of all countries of the world. Extremely unfavorable
for the Republic of Uzbekistan is the fact of an increase in the mortality rate from diseases of the
circulatory system, despite the systematic work to increase the effectiveness of prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of cardiovascular diseases [3]. Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and periodontal tissues
are more often chronic in nature and can be asymptomatic for many years, being foci of chronic
chronioseptic infection. A number of prospective and retrospective studies have confirmed an increased
risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diseases of marginal periodontal disease [4].
Purpose of the study. Analysis of major dental diseases followed by patients with coronary heart disease.
Material and research methods. This work was carried out by the Tashkent Medical Academy in the
Department of RPHO and Cardiology in 2017--2019 (300 people). Objects of study - patients with major
dental diseases (carious lesions, periodontal diseases, lesions of the oral mucosa) in the presence (main
groups) and absence (control groups) of chronic forms of coronary heart disease (chronic heart failure,
stable angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis), aged 40-60 years old. The number of men and women in all
groups was 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. The intensity of caries was evaluated using the index of tooth
CPU (Klein, Palmer, 1936), oral hygiene was determined using the Simplified Green-Vermillion Index
(OHI-S, Green-Vermillion, 1964); gingival status was recorded using the gingival index (GI, Loe,
Silness, 1963); periodontal tissue condition was assessed using the periodontal index CPITN, (Ainamoet
al., 1982), gum recession and tooth mobility were also taken into account. Patients with coronary artery
disease underwent treatment in the cardiology department of TMA for the first occurrence of angina
pectoris, progressive angina with outcome in stable (functional class I – II), post-infarction and
atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. To verify the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, the data of clinical,
instrumental (ECG, VEP, echo-cardiography) and laboratory examination of patients were used. The
diagnosis was recorded in a specialized card in accordance with the classification of IHD ICD-10 (code
I20 – I25).
The results of the study. When studying the dental status of patients with coronary artery disease and
practically healthy individuals, an unsatisfactory and poor level of hygiene was revealed, the average
values of the simplified OHI-S hygiene index in the control group were 3.36 ± 0.06, in the group of
patients with coronary artery disease - 3.53 ± 0, 07. The highest values of hygiene indicators were
achieved in the group of patients in whom, in addition to IHD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was
observed - 3.89 ± 0.16. Of the 300 patients with coronary artery disease, only 45 people (12.8%) had a
good level of hygiene (OHI-S up to 0.6). In our opinion, this is due to a low level of motivation and a
fatalistic attitude to one's own health. Differences between groups in terms of hygiene were not
statistically significant, with the exception of tartar between the control group and patients with coronary
artery disease and diabetes. In all groups of patients, an inflammatory reaction of the gums was observed,
which was interpreted as gingivitis of moderate severity. Inflammation was statistically significantly
higher in the group of patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes and was GI index of 1.57 ± 0.58
(p <0.05). Gum inflammation index data correlated with hygiene index (r = 0.53; P <0.05). Analysis of
periodontal status data showed a high prevalence and intensity of periodontal diseases in patients with
coronary artery disease and the control group. All examined patients lacked healthy periodontium
sextants (CPITN “0”). The indicators of pronounced changes in periodontal tissues were quite
informative — the number of sextants with deep periodontal pockets (more than 6 mm, CPITN “4”).
Conclusion .The dental status of patients with coronary heart disease in a number of indicators is
statistically significantly different from the status of patients without this pathology. In addition, in
patients with coronary artery disease who have an unsatisfactory level of hygiene and pronounced
manifestations of periodontal disease, an increase in the biomarkers of inflammation and dyslipidemia in
the blood serum has been recorded.
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