Cross cultural understanding: a handbook to understand others’ cultures

3.
 
Types of Culture 
The word ―culture‖ doesn‘t mean just national 
culture, but the whole range of different types of culture. 
These include: 
1.
Corporate culture (for example, the culture of Apple, 
Microsoft) 
2.
Professional culture (for example, the culture of 
doctors, lawyers) 
3.
Gender (different cultures of men and women) 
4.
Age ( the different cultures of young, middle-aged, and 
old-people) 
5.
Religious culture (for example, Catholicism, Islam, 
Budha) 
6.
Regional culture (for example, Western, Eastern) 
7.
Class culture (for example, working class, middle class, 
upper class) 
4.
 
Cultural Patterns of Behavior 
Cultures have widely characteristics, but such patterns 
for living according to some anthropologists have 
universal characteristics. George Peter Murdock in 
Tomasow (1986) mentions seven cultural patterns of 
behavior, namely: 
1.
They originate in the human mind. 
2.
They facilitate human and environmental interactions. 

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8 | Cross Cultural Understanding 
3.
They satisfy human basic needs. 
4.
They are cumulative and adjust to changes in external 
and internal conditions. 
5.
They tend to form a consistent structure. 
6.
They are learned and shared by all members of the 
society. 
7.
They are transmitted to new generations.