Cross cultural understanding: a handbook to understand others’ cultures



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CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING

 
Symbolic - 
Something with an implicit meaning 
 
table manners
- the rules of etiquette used while eating, which 
may also include the appropriate use of utensils. Different 


Cross Cultural Understanding | 163 
cultures observe different rules for table manners. Each family or 
group sets its own standards for how strictly these rules are to be 
enforced 
 
universal – 
common to all society, worldwide
 
 
value - 
the degree of importance given to something. 
 
values
- A collection of guiding principles; what one deems to be 
correct and desirable in life. 
 
Verbal
- words 
 
visual communication - 
communication through visual aids. 
 
volunteersm - 
generally considered an altruistic activity, and is 
intended to promote good or improve human quality of life, 
which in return produces a feeling of self-worth and respect, but 
no financial gain.
 
 
Wage Gap - 
The difference between male and female earnings 
expressed as a percentage of male earnings. 
 
 
women liberation
- collection of opinions and developments that 
seek to end discrimination against women 



Cross Cultural Understanding | 165 
REFERENCES 
Althen, Gary. 1988. 
American Ways
. USA: Intercultural Press 
Gibson, Robert. 2000. 
Intercultural Business Communication
. New 
York: Oxford University Press 
James, Joyce. 1996. 
The language-Culture Connection
. Singapore: 
SEAMEO Regional Language Centre. 
Koentjaraningrat. 1990. 
Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi cetakan ke-8

Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta 
Larson, M.L. 1984. 
Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-
Language Equivalence. 
Lanham: University Press of America 
Murphy, Andrew. 1994
. Cultural Encounters in The USA
. Illinois: 
National Texbook Company 
Newmark, P. 1981. 
Approaches to Translation
. Oxford: Pergamon 
Press 
…………… 1988. 
A Textbook of Translation
. New York: Prentice-
Hall International 
Nida, E& Taber, C. 1982. 
The Theory and Practice of Translation

Leiden: E.J.Brill 
Storti, Craig. 2001. 
The Art of Crossing Culture
. UK: Intercultural 
Press 
Tomasouw, Pauline. 1986. 
Buku Materi Pokok Cross Cultural 
Understanding
. Jakarta : Karunika Jaya 
(Anonymous). www.boundless.com 
(Anonymous). http:// encyclopedia. jrank. org 


166 | Cross Cultural Understanding 
(Anonymous) www.etiquettescholar.com 
(Anonymous) www. Wikipedia .com 
(Anonymous). www.goldenline.com 

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