Course work topic: «Flash smelting of sulfide copper concentrates on matte with heated air blast»

Theoretical description of the technological process

1. 
   Melting in suspension
   

Melting in suspension refers to modern autogenous melting. Autogenous in metallurgical production is usually called technological processes that are carried out entirely at the expense of internal energy resources without the cost of extraneous sources of heat - fuel or electric current. The use of the reactivity of concentrate particles sprayed in an atmosphere of air or oxygen leads to a sharp increase in the rate of oxidation and melting of sulfides. In addition, the process uses a significant thermal effect of sulphide oxidation, which allows you to partially or completely refuse fuel.

2. 
   The device of the furnace for flash melting on heated air blast
   

The casing of the melting shaft is made of sheet steel 13 mm thick. The shaft and its vault are made of chrome - magnesite bricks, the thickness of the masonry is 375 mm, there is a heat-insulating backfill between the walls of the shaft and the casing. Internal dimensions of the shaft: diameter 3.7 m, height 8.8 m. The vault of the shaft rests on foot beams and bricks, in the center of the vault there is a hole with a copper water-cooled loophole for installing a charge burner. At certain intervals, horizontal rings of flat copper caissons 65 mm thick with poured steel pipes are laid in the masonry of the walls of the mine at certain intervals. These rings are fastened to the casing and prevent vertical displacement of the mine masonry.

Fig.1. Scheme of a furnace for flash melting on heated air blast: 1 - Mine, 2 - Settling chamber, 3 - Apteik, 4 - Dust chamber

The settling chamber of the furnace is a horizontal furnace with internal dimensions: length - 16.9 m, width in the area of ​​the bath mirror - 4.5 m, height from the bottom to the arch - 1.8 m. due to which it is removed approximately 1 m from the inner surface of the charge masonry. This prevents it from intense separation by the melt flowing from the mine and destruction by build-ups that sometimes fall from the walls of the mine.

The bream of the chamber is made of three layers of bricks: the upper one is made of chrome-magnesite, the next two are made of fireclay, there are gaps between the layers filled with refractory powder. The laying of the bream is laid on a cushion of heat-resistant concrete.
The walls of the chamber are made in the form of slopes, the inner masonry of the walls is made of chrome - magnesite bricks, the outer - of fireclay. Vertical water-cooled caissons are installed between the chromium-magnesite and fireclay masonry of the side walls. Two water-cooled slabs with holes for slag release are installed in the side wall, and cast-iron blasthole plates for matte release are installed in the front end wall.
The arched vault of the chamber, 375 mm thick, is made of chromium-magnesite bricks. The furnace apteyk is made in the form of a shaft made of magnesite bricks. The steel casing rests on a metal structure that is not connected to the sump mount. The lower conical part of the apothecary, which is subject to a more significant temperature effect of a dusty gas flow, is enclosed in water-cooled caissons. They, like the casing, are connected to the supporting metal structure. The aptake is closely adjacent to the vault of the chamber, but does not rest on it.
The design of the PVP furnace is rather complicated - it combines two shafts and a horizontal chamber. The design is even more complicated by a large number of water-cooled elements, however, their use can significantly extend the life of the unit.

3.